Risk factors of postoperative bile leakage after liver resection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative bile leakage (POBL) is one of the most common complications after liver resection. However, current studies on the risk factors for POBL and their impacts on surgical outcomes need to be more consistent. This study aims to conduct a meta‐analysis to analyze the risk factors for POBL after hepatectomy. METHODS: We incorporated all eligible studies from Embase, PubMed, and the Web of Science database (until July 2022) into this study. RevMan and STATA software were used to analyze the extracted data. RESULTS: A total of 39 studies, including 43,824 patients, were included in this meta‐analysis. We found that gender, partial hepatectomy, repeat of hepatectomy, extended hepatectomy, abdominal drain, diabetes, Child≥B, solitary tumor, and chemotherapy are the factors of grade B and C POBL. Some recognized risk factors were considered potential risk factors for grade B and C bile leakage because no subgroup analysis was performed, like HCC, cholangiocarcinoma, major resection, posterior sectionectomy, bi‐segmentectomy, S4 involved, S8 involved, central hepatectomy, and bile duct resection/reconstruction. Meanwhile, cirrhosis, benign diseases, left hepatectomy, and Segment 1 resection were not significant for grade B and C bile leakage. The influence of lateral sectionectomy, anterior sectionectomy, S1 involved, S3 involved, high‐risk procedure, laparoscope, and blood loss>1000 mL on POBL of ISGLS needs further research. Meanwhile, POBL significantly influenced overall survival (OS) after liver resection. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several risk factors for POBL after hepatectomy, which could prompt the clinician to decrease POBL rates and make more beneficial decisions for patients who underwent the hepatectomy.