Clinical Characteristics, Drug Resistance, and Risk Factors for Death of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study from China

OBJECTIVE: Infection is a common complication of acute pancreatitis (AP). Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is one of the most common pathogens associated with nosocomial infections. Our study focuses on investigating the clinical characteristics and risk factors for death of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in AP patients, further to quantify the prognosis of the patients, and provide evidence for guiding antibiotic use and improving prognosis. METHODS: The data of epidemiology, clinical manifestations and drug resistance rate with K. pneumoniae infections in AP patients from January 1, 2012 to August 30, 2022 were retrospectively collected. Logistic regression model and Cox regression model were, respectively, used to determine the risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) acquisition and death. The nomogram prediction model was built by RMS software package to predict the 90-day survival rate. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six AP patients combined with K. pneumoniae infections, with a mortality rate of 34.9%. The most common infection sites were pancreas and peri-pancreas (54.8%), followed by lung (20.6%) and blood stream (18.3%). The resistance rate of K. pneumoniae to commonly used antibiotics in clinical practice was high, especially CRKP, which was only sensitive to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) and tigecycline (TGC) (resistance rates were 37.57% and 17.57%, respectively). Independent risk factors for CPKP acquisition were male (OR = 1.655, 95% CI 0.642–4.265, P = 0.017) and PICC/CVC implantation (OR = 3.157, 95% CI 1.223–8.147, P = 0.021). Independent risk factors for mortality included carbapenem resistance (HR = 2.556, 95% CI 1.011–6.462, P = 0.047), hemorrhage (HR = 2.392, 95% CI 1.104–5.182, P = 0.027), septic shock (HR = 3.022, 95% CI 1.312–6.959, P = 0.009), age >60 years (HR = 2.977, 95% CI 1.303–6.799, P = 0.01), creatinine >177μmol/L (HR = 2.815, 95% CI 1.075–7.369, P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: K. pneumoniae infection has become a serious threat for AP patients, which recommends us more attention and active new strategies seeking.