Clinical Possibility of Caenorhabditis elegans as a Novel Evaluation Tool for Esophageal Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Prospective Study

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Our research sought to elucidate the predictive capacity of Nematode Nose (N-NOSE) screening vis à vis the clinical implications of preoperative chemotherapy for patients suffering from esophageal cancer. This study focused on changes in the chemotaxis index of Caenorhabditis elegans before and after preoperative chemotherapy. When the target of the treatment effect was complete response only, the prediction accuracies calculated by area under the curve was 0.85 (95% Confidence interval: 0.62–1), and the sensitivity and specificity were 1 and 0.63, respectively. The results indicate that N-NOSE can accurately determine the response of the therapeutic effect of preoperative chemotherapy. ABSTRACT: Background: The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) possesses a sophisticated sense of smell and is used for a novel cancer screening test that utilizes the chemotaxis index. We designed a single-institution, prospective study to confirm the ability of Nematode Nose (N-NOSE) to determine preoperative chemotherapy’s efficacy for esophageal cancer patients. Patients and Methods: We investigated the predictability of N-NOSE screening for the clinical effects of preoperative chemotherapy for esophageal cancer patients receiving radical surgery. The index reduction score (IRS) was calculated via the chemotaxis of C. elegans at three points: before treatment, before surgery, and after surgery, and its clinical relevance was examined. Result: Thirty-nine patients with esophageal cancer were enrolled from August 2020 to December 2021, and 30 patients receiving radical surgery were examined. Complete response or partial response was achieved in 23 cases (76.7%). When the target of the treatment effect was complete response only, the prediction accuracies of the IRS calculated by area under the curve was 0.85 (95% Confidence interval: 0.62–1) in clinically achieving complete response group, and the sensitivity and specificity were 1 and 0.63, respectively. Conclusion: Index reduction score using N-NOSE screening may reflect the efficacy of chemotherapy for esophageal cancer patients. A large-scale prospective study at multiple centers is desired in the future.