Effect of Lumbar Spine Mobility and Postural Alignment on Menstrual Pain in Young Women

(1) Background: Studies indicate that 45 to 95% of women suffer from painful periods. Despite frequent incidence, the problem is still underestimated. Menstruation-related ailments often correlate with high absenteeism at school and work, as well as limitation of social and scientific activity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the size of the curvature, the mobility of the spine in the sagittal plane, and menstrual pain in young women. (2) Methods: The analysis included 224 women aged 18–26, mean of 21.56 ± 1.95, studying at the College of Medical Sciences of the University of Rzeszów. For this purpose, the measurement of the anterior–posterior curvature of the spine with a gravitational inclinometer, the Schober test and the authors’ questionnaire related to menstruation were used. (3) Results: The data analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the group with menstrual pain (MP) and the control group without pain (CG), where the angle of the lumbar sacral transition (p = 0.034), thoracolumbar transition (p = 0.044) and lumbar lordosis (p = 0.006) were statistically significantly lower in MP compared to CG. There were no significant differences in the measurement of the so-called smartphone hump and between the mobility of the lumbar spine and menstrual pain in any of the groups. (4) Conclusions: Women with menstrual pain are characterized by reduced lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis, while sagittal mobility of the spine does not affect pain.