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Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003–2020)
In Mexico, urogenital gonorrhea (UG) is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases notifiable by health systems around the world. Epidemiological data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Mexico indicated that UG was “under control” until 2017. However, international epidemiological repor...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10418835/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37570358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152118 |
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author | Loyola-Cruz, Miguel Ángel Fernández-Sánchez, Verónica Durán-Manuel, Emilio Mariano Calzada-Mendoza, Claudia Camelia Castro-Escarpulli, Graciela Quijano-Soriano, María Fernanda Nicolás-Sayago, Liliana Razo-Blanco Hernández, Dulce Milagros Villegas-Castañeda, Marcela Cárdenas-Cantero, Alejandro Cureño-Díaz, Mónica Alethia Paredes-Mendoza, Marianela Cruz-Cruz, Clemente Bello-López, Juan Manuel |
author_facet | Loyola-Cruz, Miguel Ángel Fernández-Sánchez, Verónica Durán-Manuel, Emilio Mariano Calzada-Mendoza, Claudia Camelia Castro-Escarpulli, Graciela Quijano-Soriano, María Fernanda Nicolás-Sayago, Liliana Razo-Blanco Hernández, Dulce Milagros Villegas-Castañeda, Marcela Cárdenas-Cantero, Alejandro Cureño-Díaz, Mónica Alethia Paredes-Mendoza, Marianela Cruz-Cruz, Clemente Bello-López, Juan Manuel |
author_sort | Loyola-Cruz, Miguel Ángel |
collection | PubMed |
description | In Mexico, urogenital gonorrhea (UG) is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases notifiable by health systems around the world. Epidemiological data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Mexico indicated that UG was “under control” until 2017. However, international epidemiological reports indicate the increase in incidence due to several factors, including an increase during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors suggest that this phenomenon may occur in developing countries, including Mexico. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze national surveillance data on UG from 2003–2019 and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. An epidemiological study of cases and incidence of UG (2003–2020) was performed in the annual reports issued by the General Directorate Epidemiology in Mexico. Cases and incidence were classified and analyzed by year, sex, age group, and seasons (by temperature). Distribution of UG was carried out using heat maps for the whole country. Ultimately, a seasonal and correlation analysis was performed for UG cases versus temperature. The results showed that the distribution of cases and incidence by sex showed that there was no variation over 14 years. From 2016 onward, a significant increase in UG was observed before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, a significant increase was observed in females aged 24–44 years. A heterogeneous distribution of UG was identified; however, border states were ranked among the top states with elevated incidences and cases. Lastly, the occurrence of UG was associated with temperature, related to summer. The information presented is intended to be useful to promote prevention and to contribute to visualize the distribution of UG over the last 18 years for decision making, and to show one of the consequences of the collapse of epidemiological surveillance of UG during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10418835 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104188352023-08-12 Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003–2020) Loyola-Cruz, Miguel Ángel Fernández-Sánchez, Verónica Durán-Manuel, Emilio Mariano Calzada-Mendoza, Claudia Camelia Castro-Escarpulli, Graciela Quijano-Soriano, María Fernanda Nicolás-Sayago, Liliana Razo-Blanco Hernández, Dulce Milagros Villegas-Castañeda, Marcela Cárdenas-Cantero, Alejandro Cureño-Díaz, Mónica Alethia Paredes-Mendoza, Marianela Cruz-Cruz, Clemente Bello-López, Juan Manuel Healthcare (Basel) Article In Mexico, urogenital gonorrhea (UG) is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases notifiable by health systems around the world. Epidemiological data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Mexico indicated that UG was “under control” until 2017. However, international epidemiological reports indicate the increase in incidence due to several factors, including an increase during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors suggest that this phenomenon may occur in developing countries, including Mexico. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze national surveillance data on UG from 2003–2019 and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. An epidemiological study of cases and incidence of UG (2003–2020) was performed in the annual reports issued by the General Directorate Epidemiology in Mexico. Cases and incidence were classified and analyzed by year, sex, age group, and seasons (by temperature). Distribution of UG was carried out using heat maps for the whole country. Ultimately, a seasonal and correlation analysis was performed for UG cases versus temperature. The results showed that the distribution of cases and incidence by sex showed that there was no variation over 14 years. From 2016 onward, a significant increase in UG was observed before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, a significant increase was observed in females aged 24–44 years. A heterogeneous distribution of UG was identified; however, border states were ranked among the top states with elevated incidences and cases. Lastly, the occurrence of UG was associated with temperature, related to summer. The information presented is intended to be useful to promote prevention and to contribute to visualize the distribution of UG over the last 18 years for decision making, and to show one of the consequences of the collapse of epidemiological surveillance of UG during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. MDPI 2023-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10418835/ /pubmed/37570358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152118 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Loyola-Cruz, Miguel Ángel Fernández-Sánchez, Verónica Durán-Manuel, Emilio Mariano Calzada-Mendoza, Claudia Camelia Castro-Escarpulli, Graciela Quijano-Soriano, María Fernanda Nicolás-Sayago, Liliana Razo-Blanco Hernández, Dulce Milagros Villegas-Castañeda, Marcela Cárdenas-Cantero, Alejandro Cureño-Díaz, Mónica Alethia Paredes-Mendoza, Marianela Cruz-Cruz, Clemente Bello-López, Juan Manuel Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003–2020) |
title | Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003–2020) |
title_full | Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003–2020) |
title_fullStr | Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003–2020) |
title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003–2020) |
title_short | Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003–2020) |
title_sort | epidemiological overview of urogenital gonorrhea in mexico (2003–2020) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10418835/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37570358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152118 |
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