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Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common eye disease complication of diabetes, and hypovitaminosis D is mentioned as one of the risk factors. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) are the best-known forms of vitamin D. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the acti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10418882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37569392 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512014 |
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author | Gverović Antunica, Antonela Znaor, Ljubo Ivanković, Mira Puzović, Velibor Marković, Irena Kaštelan, Snježana |
author_facet | Gverović Antunica, Antonela Znaor, Ljubo Ivanković, Mira Puzović, Velibor Marković, Irena Kaštelan, Snježana |
author_sort | Gverović Antunica, Antonela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common eye disease complication of diabetes, and hypovitaminosis D is mentioned as one of the risk factors. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) are the best-known forms of vitamin D. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the active form of vitamin D, with the sun being one of its main sources. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin by exposure to sunlight without protective factors, but care must be taken to avoid the development of sunburn. It not only plays an important role in maintaining healthy bones and immune system but has also been highlighted in numerous studies to have an influence on various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. A large number of people suffer from vitamin D hypovitaminosis worldwide, and diagnosis is made by measuring the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in serum. Its deficiency can cause numerous diseases and, as such, supplementation is necessary. Clinical studies have proven the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, but with a doctor’s recommendation and supervision due to possible negative side effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10418882 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104188822023-08-12 Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy Gverović Antunica, Antonela Znaor, Ljubo Ivanković, Mira Puzović, Velibor Marković, Irena Kaštelan, Snježana Int J Mol Sci Review Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common eye disease complication of diabetes, and hypovitaminosis D is mentioned as one of the risk factors. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) are the best-known forms of vitamin D. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the active form of vitamin D, with the sun being one of its main sources. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin by exposure to sunlight without protective factors, but care must be taken to avoid the development of sunburn. It not only plays an important role in maintaining healthy bones and immune system but has also been highlighted in numerous studies to have an influence on various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. A large number of people suffer from vitamin D hypovitaminosis worldwide, and diagnosis is made by measuring the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in serum. Its deficiency can cause numerous diseases and, as such, supplementation is necessary. Clinical studies have proven the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, but with a doctor’s recommendation and supervision due to possible negative side effects. MDPI 2023-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10418882/ /pubmed/37569392 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512014 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gverović Antunica, Antonela Znaor, Ljubo Ivanković, Mira Puzović, Velibor Marković, Irena Kaštelan, Snježana Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy |
title | Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_full | Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_fullStr | Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_short | Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_sort | vitamin d and diabetic retinopathy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10418882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37569392 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512014 |
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