CXCL5 Promotes Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Activating Kupffer Cells

Kupffer cells (KCs) play a key part in the pathological process of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI), the leading cause of acute liver failure in the world. CXC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) exerts proinflammatory effects in acute respiratory distress syndrome and arthritis. In the current study, we aim to reveal the effects of CXCL5 on the activation of KCs and the role of CXCL5 in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The in vivo study, conducted on mice intraperitoneally injected with APAP (300 mg/kg) to establish the ALI model and then treated with Anti-CXCL5 mAb at 30 min and 12 h after the APAP challenge, showed that CXCL5 expression significantly increased in injured livers, and Anti-CXCL5 mAb mitigated the degree of APAP-evoked ALI in mice which was proven through biochemicals and histological examination. Also, neutralization of CXCL5 had no significant effect on APAP metabolism in the liver but exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorated hepatocellular death in the injured liver. The in vitro data displayed that recombinant mouse CXCL5 treatment promoted APAP-induced cellular toxicity in primary hepatocytes co-cultured with KCs, compared with single-cultured hepatocytes. Consistent with the result, we found that the Anti-CXCL5 mAb gradient decreased LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in single-cultured KCs. Therefore, CXCL5 could stimulate KCs to produce inflammatory mediators, therefore damaging hepatocytes from APAP toxicity.