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The “Trunk sign”: A novel X-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy

The etiology of nipple discharge is often unclear, and there are few studies exploring diagnostic approaches of nipple discharge. Galactography is a common method for clinical diagnosis of patients with nipple discharge. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of galactography in differentia...

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Autores principales: Wu, Tujin, Zhang, Kai, Wang, Yawen, Ma, Rong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10419562/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37565883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000034589
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author Wu, Tujin
Zhang, Kai
Wang, Yawen
Ma, Rong
author_facet Wu, Tujin
Zhang, Kai
Wang, Yawen
Ma, Rong
author_sort Wu, Tujin
collection PubMed
description The etiology of nipple discharge is often unclear, and there are few studies exploring diagnostic approaches of nipple discharge. Galactography is a common method for clinical diagnosis of patients with nipple discharge. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of galactography in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions in patients with nipple discharge. A retrospective study of 161 patients with nipple discharges, who were evaluated with galactography and underwent surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University between January 2018 and December 2019, was conducted. Baseline characteristics were obtained from their electronic records including age, menstruation status, physical examination, galactography, cytology, and pathology. There were 110 cases of benign disease, 12 cases of high-risk disease, and 39 cases of malignant disease. With respect to benign diseases there were 26 (23.6%) patients with hyperplasia and ductal ectasia, and 94 (76.4%) with intraductal papilloma. With respect to high risk diseases, there were 2 (16.7%) patients with atypical intraductal papilloma and 10 (83.4%) with atypical hyperplasia. With respect to malignant lesions, 19 (48.7%) patients had intraductal carcinoma, 4 (10.3%) had solid papillary carcinoma, and 16 (41.0%) had invasive carcinoma. The significant findings of our study are as follows: patients with malignant diseases had a higher proportion of concomitant masses (74.4% vs 41.7% vs 22.7%, P < .001), positive spill cytology (51.3% vs 41.7% vs 2.7%, P < .001), and trunk signs (71.8% vs 33.3% vs 10.9%, P < .001). A forest plot revealed that trunk signs were related to an increased risk of malignant diseases in almost all the subgroups. Galactography is important for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions in nipple discharge, and the “Trunk sign” is an important radiographic sign of malignant lesions. Combining galactography with other methods is advisable to improve the accuracy of diagnosis in patients with nipple discharge.
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spelling pubmed-104195622023-08-12 The “Trunk sign”: A novel X-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy Wu, Tujin Zhang, Kai Wang, Yawen Ma, Rong Medicine (Baltimore) 4100 The etiology of nipple discharge is often unclear, and there are few studies exploring diagnostic approaches of nipple discharge. Galactography is a common method for clinical diagnosis of patients with nipple discharge. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of galactography in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions in patients with nipple discharge. A retrospective study of 161 patients with nipple discharges, who were evaluated with galactography and underwent surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University between January 2018 and December 2019, was conducted. Baseline characteristics were obtained from their electronic records including age, menstruation status, physical examination, galactography, cytology, and pathology. There were 110 cases of benign disease, 12 cases of high-risk disease, and 39 cases of malignant disease. With respect to benign diseases there were 26 (23.6%) patients with hyperplasia and ductal ectasia, and 94 (76.4%) with intraductal papilloma. With respect to high risk diseases, there were 2 (16.7%) patients with atypical intraductal papilloma and 10 (83.4%) with atypical hyperplasia. With respect to malignant lesions, 19 (48.7%) patients had intraductal carcinoma, 4 (10.3%) had solid papillary carcinoma, and 16 (41.0%) had invasive carcinoma. The significant findings of our study are as follows: patients with malignant diseases had a higher proportion of concomitant masses (74.4% vs 41.7% vs 22.7%, P < .001), positive spill cytology (51.3% vs 41.7% vs 2.7%, P < .001), and trunk signs (71.8% vs 33.3% vs 10.9%, P < .001). A forest plot revealed that trunk signs were related to an increased risk of malignant diseases in almost all the subgroups. Galactography is important for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions in nipple discharge, and the “Trunk sign” is an important radiographic sign of malignant lesions. Combining galactography with other methods is advisable to improve the accuracy of diagnosis in patients with nipple discharge. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2023-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10419562/ /pubmed/37565883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000034589 Text en Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle 4100
Wu, Tujin
Zhang, Kai
Wang, Yawen
Ma, Rong
The “Trunk sign”: A novel X-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy
title The “Trunk sign”: A novel X-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy
title_full The “Trunk sign”: A novel X-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy
title_fullStr The “Trunk sign”: A novel X-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy
title_full_unstemmed The “Trunk sign”: A novel X-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy
title_short The “Trunk sign”: A novel X-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy
title_sort “trunk sign”: a novel x-ray sign in galactography of patients with nipple discharge suggesting malignancy
topic 4100
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10419562/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37565883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000034589
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