Development and Evaluation of Cross-Linked Alginate–Chitosan–Abscisic Acid Blend Gel

Abscisic acid (ABA) has been proposed to play a significant role in the ripening of nonclimacteric fruit, stomatal opening, and response to abiotic stresses in plants, which can adversely affect crop growth and productivity. The biological effects of ABA are dependent on its concentration and signal transduction pathways. However, due to its susceptibility to the environment, it is essential to find a suitable biotechnological approach to coat ABA for its application. One promising approach is to utilize alginate and chitosan, two natural polysaccharides known for their strong affinity for water and their ability to act as coating agents. In this study, an alginate–chitosan blend was employed to develop an ABA cover. To achieve this, an alginate–chitosan–abscisic acid (ALG–CS–ABA) blend was prepared by forming ionic bonds or complexes with calcium ions, or through dual cross-linking. This was done by dripping a homogeneous solution of alginate–chitosan and ABA into a calcium chloride solution, resulting in the formation of the blend. By combining the unique properties of alginate, chitosan, and ABA, the resulting ALG–CS–ABA blend can potentially offer enhanced stability, controlled release, and improved protection of ABA. These characteristics make it a promising biotechnological approach for various applications, including the targeted delivery of ABA in agricultural practices or in the development of innovative plant-based products. Further evaluation and characterization of the ALG–CS–ABA blend will provide valuable insights into its potential applications in the fields of biomedicine, agriculture, and tissue engineering.