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Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children

The timing of complementary food (CF) introduction is closely related to childhood health, and it may vary depending on the region, culture, feeding type, or health condition. Despite numerous studies on the benefits of breastfeeding and the optimal timing of CF introduction, there have been limited...

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Autores principales: Ha, Eun Kyo, Lee, Seung Won, Kim, Ju Hee, Lee, Eun, Cha, Hye Ryeong, Han, Bo Eun, Shin, Jeewon, Han, Man Yong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10421357/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37571347
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15153410
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author Ha, Eun Kyo
Lee, Seung Won
Kim, Ju Hee
Lee, Eun
Cha, Hye Ryeong
Han, Bo Eun
Shin, Jeewon
Han, Man Yong
author_facet Ha, Eun Kyo
Lee, Seung Won
Kim, Ju Hee
Lee, Eun
Cha, Hye Ryeong
Han, Bo Eun
Shin, Jeewon
Han, Man Yong
author_sort Ha, Eun Kyo
collection PubMed
description The timing of complementary food (CF) introduction is closely related to childhood health, and it may vary depending on the region, culture, feeding type, or health condition. Despite numerous studies on the benefits of breastfeeding and the optimal timing of CF introduction, there have been limited investigations regarding delayed CF introduction in exclusively breastfed children. We compared an exposed group (CF introduction ≥7 months) with a reference group (CF introduction at 4 –< 7 months) regarding hospital admission, disease burden, and growth until age 10. Data from a nationwide population-based cohort study involving children born between 2008 and 2012 in the South Korea were analyzed. The final cohort comprised 206,248 children (165,925 in the exposed group and 40,323 in the reference group). Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score matching was used to balance baseline health characteristics in the comparison groups. We estimated the incident risk ratios (IRR) for outcomes using modified Poisson regression and weighted odds ratios (weighted ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multinomial logistic regression. The exposed group was associated with low height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (IRR (95% CI) for −1.64 < HAZ ≤ −1.03: 1.11 (1.08 to 1.14); HAZ ≤ −1.64: 1.21 (1.14 to 1.27)) and frequent (≥6 events) hospitalizations (weighted OR 1.18 (1.09 to 1.29). The rates of hospital admission, death, and specific medical conditions did not differ between groups. However, delaying the introduction of CF until seven months in exclusively breastfed infants was associated with frequent hospitalization events and lower heights.
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spelling pubmed-104213572023-08-12 Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children Ha, Eun Kyo Lee, Seung Won Kim, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Cha, Hye Ryeong Han, Bo Eun Shin, Jeewon Han, Man Yong Nutrients Article The timing of complementary food (CF) introduction is closely related to childhood health, and it may vary depending on the region, culture, feeding type, or health condition. Despite numerous studies on the benefits of breastfeeding and the optimal timing of CF introduction, there have been limited investigations regarding delayed CF introduction in exclusively breastfed children. We compared an exposed group (CF introduction ≥7 months) with a reference group (CF introduction at 4 –< 7 months) regarding hospital admission, disease burden, and growth until age 10. Data from a nationwide population-based cohort study involving children born between 2008 and 2012 in the South Korea were analyzed. The final cohort comprised 206,248 children (165,925 in the exposed group and 40,323 in the reference group). Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score matching was used to balance baseline health characteristics in the comparison groups. We estimated the incident risk ratios (IRR) for outcomes using modified Poisson regression and weighted odds ratios (weighted ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multinomial logistic regression. The exposed group was associated with low height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (IRR (95% CI) for −1.64 < HAZ ≤ −1.03: 1.11 (1.08 to 1.14); HAZ ≤ −1.64: 1.21 (1.14 to 1.27)) and frequent (≥6 events) hospitalizations (weighted OR 1.18 (1.09 to 1.29). The rates of hospital admission, death, and specific medical conditions did not differ between groups. However, delaying the introduction of CF until seven months in exclusively breastfed infants was associated with frequent hospitalization events and lower heights. MDPI 2023-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10421357/ /pubmed/37571347 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15153410 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ha, Eun Kyo
Lee, Seung Won
Kim, Ju Hee
Lee, Eun
Cha, Hye Ryeong
Han, Bo Eun
Shin, Jeewon
Han, Man Yong
Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children
title Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children
title_full Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children
title_fullStr Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children
title_full_unstemmed Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children
title_short Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children
title_sort associations between delayed introduction of complementary foods and childhood health consequences in exclusively breastfed children
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10421357/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37571347
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15153410
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