Synergistic Effects of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance, Surface Plasmon Polariton, and Waveguide Plasmonic Resonance on the Same Material: A Promising Hypothesis to Enhance Organic Solar Cell Efficiency

This work explores the utilization of plasmonic resonance (PR) in silver nanowires to enhance the performance of organic solar cells. We investigate the simultaneous effect of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface plasmon polariton (SPP), and waveguide plasmonic mode on silver nanowires, which have not been thoroughly explored before. By employing finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we analyze the plasmonic resonance behavior of a ZnO/Silver nanowires/ZnO (ZAZ) electrode structure. Our investigations demonstrate the dominance of LSPR, leading to intense electric fields inside the nanowire and their propagation into the surrounding medium. Additionally, we observe the synergistic effects of SPP and waveguide plasmonic mode, contributing to enhanced light absorption within the active layer of the organic solar cell. This leads to an improvement in photovoltaic performance, as demonstrated by our previous work, showing an approximate 20% increase in photocurrent and overall power conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. The incorporation of metallic nanostructures exhibiting these multiple plasmonic modes opens up new opportunities for improving light absorption and overall device efficiency. Our study highlights the potential of these combined plasmonic effects for the design and optimization of organic solar cells.