Unveiling the Silent Invader: A Case Report on Miliary Tuberculosis

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by the spreading of Mycobacterium tuberculosis throughout the body, leading to various clinical manifestations and potential complications. This case involves a 58-year-old male who presented with fever, night sweats, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms. Diagnostic workup revealed the characteristic radiological findings of diffuse miliary nodules on CT scan and X-ray of the chest. Laboratory investigations, including a positive interferon-gamma release assay, supported the diagnosis. The patient was initiated on a multidrug anti-TB regimen consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, with adjunctive corticosteroids for severe manifestations. Close monitoring and supportive care were provided. The patient started anti-TB therapy and his health improved significantly. He was able to receive a kidney transplant successfully. The case report emphasizes the importance of early recognition, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment initiation to improve patient outcomes.