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Optical diffractometry by rough phase steps

Optical diffractometry (OD) using a phase step is an alternative for interferometry, further, has least sensitivity to environmental vibrations. Therefore, OD has found numerous interesting metrological and technological applications. OD utilizes a phase step to detect the influence of objects under...

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Autores principales: Siavashani, Morteza Jafari, Nasimdoust, Elyas, Elahi, Parviz, Tavassoly, Mohammad Taghi, Moradi, Ali-Reza
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10423200/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37573435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40267-6
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author Siavashani, Morteza Jafari
Nasimdoust, Elyas
Elahi, Parviz
Tavassoly, Mohammad Taghi
Moradi, Ali-Reza
author_facet Siavashani, Morteza Jafari
Nasimdoust, Elyas
Elahi, Parviz
Tavassoly, Mohammad Taghi
Moradi, Ali-Reza
author_sort Siavashani, Morteza Jafari
collection PubMed
description Optical diffractometry (OD) using a phase step is an alternative for interferometry, further, has least sensitivity to environmental vibrations. Therefore, OD has found numerous interesting metrological and technological applications. OD utilizes a phase step to detect the influence of objects under measurement by the changes in the Fresnel diffraction pattern. Recently, we showed that such measurements do not require infinitively sharp phase steps, although fabrication of such sharp elements is also impossible. Here, we address the issue of smoothness of the phase step surfaces. So far, in all of the OD applications the surfaces of the incorporated phase steps are considered to be optically smooth and flat. However, practically, some amount of roughness and unflatness is unavoidable even in precise and careful fabrication process. We show that preserving the OD-diffraction-pattern characteristics of a phase step depends on the level of roughness in the surfaces of the phase step. We define number of detectable fringes and autocorrelation functions of the diffraction patterns as the measures for evaluating the similarity of the rough phase step diffractions to the ideal case. We derive the theoretical description and confirm the results with simulations and experiments.
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spelling pubmed-104232002023-08-14 Optical diffractometry by rough phase steps Siavashani, Morteza Jafari Nasimdoust, Elyas Elahi, Parviz Tavassoly, Mohammad Taghi Moradi, Ali-Reza Sci Rep Article Optical diffractometry (OD) using a phase step is an alternative for interferometry, further, has least sensitivity to environmental vibrations. Therefore, OD has found numerous interesting metrological and technological applications. OD utilizes a phase step to detect the influence of objects under measurement by the changes in the Fresnel diffraction pattern. Recently, we showed that such measurements do not require infinitively sharp phase steps, although fabrication of such sharp elements is also impossible. Here, we address the issue of smoothness of the phase step surfaces. So far, in all of the OD applications the surfaces of the incorporated phase steps are considered to be optically smooth and flat. However, practically, some amount of roughness and unflatness is unavoidable even in precise and careful fabrication process. We show that preserving the OD-diffraction-pattern characteristics of a phase step depends on the level of roughness in the surfaces of the phase step. We define number of detectable fringes and autocorrelation functions of the diffraction patterns as the measures for evaluating the similarity of the rough phase step diffractions to the ideal case. We derive the theoretical description and confirm the results with simulations and experiments. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10423200/ /pubmed/37573435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40267-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Siavashani, Morteza Jafari
Nasimdoust, Elyas
Elahi, Parviz
Tavassoly, Mohammad Taghi
Moradi, Ali-Reza
Optical diffractometry by rough phase steps
title Optical diffractometry by rough phase steps
title_full Optical diffractometry by rough phase steps
title_fullStr Optical diffractometry by rough phase steps
title_full_unstemmed Optical diffractometry by rough phase steps
title_short Optical diffractometry by rough phase steps
title_sort optical diffractometry by rough phase steps
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10423200/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37573435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40267-6
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