A Pilot, Open-Label, Proof-of-Concept Study To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Asthiposhak® Tablets in Participants Suffering From Asthikshaya or Osteopenia

Introduction Both osteoporosis and osteopenia are prevalent public health concerns worldwide and can lead to debilitating bone fractures. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Asthiposhak® Tablets in individuals with Asthikshaya (osteopenia) by measuring changes in the bone mineral density (BMD) score before and after the intervention, specifically between visit 1 (baseline) and visit 8 (after 180 days of treatment). Methods The single-arm study involved the screening of participants for Asthikshaya (osteopenia) using baseline investigations, which included a bone mineral density (BMD) assessment through a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. A total of 36 participants were enrolled in the study, who took two Asthiposhak Tablets three times a day with lukewarm water, for a period of 180 days. Safety assessments, along with evaluations of BMD (DEXA Scan), Ayurvedic Symptom Score, and serum biochemical markers, were conducted through blood investigations. Efficacy and safety data were analyzed using 'intention-to-treat' analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to express data in percentages, mean ± SD, or median (IQR). Data at different intervals were compared using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction tested the significance between visits for the Ayurvedic Symptom Score, and Friedman's two-way analysis of variance by ranks measured differences in vital parameters. The significance level used was p<0.05. Results Out of the initially recruited 36 participants, 30 successfully completed the study, consisting of 12 males and 18 females, with an age range of 40 to 70 years and a mean age of 51.33 years. After 180 days of treatment with Asthiposhak Tablets, a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in hip and spine BMD (T-score) was observed. Additionally, significant reductions in the mean Total Ayurvedic Symptom Score were noted at both 90 and 180 days of treatment compared to day 0. Moreover, the levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, serum bone markers, showed statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction after 180 days of treatment compared to day 0. Importantly, all safety variables, including laboratory investigations, remained within the normal range following the 180-day treatment with Asthiposhak Tablets. Conclusion Asthiposhak Tablets exhibited significant efficacy in enhancing both BMD (T-score) and Ayurvedic Symptom Score, thereby substantiating their osteoprotective potential in individuals with Asthikshaya (osteopenia). Furthermore, the tablets were found to reduce the levels of biochemical markers, such as serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, suggesting their anti-resorptive action.