Laryngospasm as an uncommon presentation in a patient with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A case report

BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder. The symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis include behavioral problems, speech problems, psychosis, seizures, and memory deficits, among others. However, laryngospasm is rare. We present the case of a patient with anti-NMDAR antibodies and severe laryngospasms. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was a 15-year-old female with normal psychomotor development. She was initially admitted to our neurological intensive care unit with seizures. She received anti-epilepsy treatment, and the seizures disappeared. However, 2 wk later, she developed behavioral problems and speech impairment. Then, she developed severe laryngospasms, which were treated with intubation and a tracheotomy. Antibodies against the NMDAR were detected in the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, she was diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In addition, she received intravenously administered immunoglobulins, and methylprednisolone was administered. The patient’s symptoms gradually improved, and she was discharged from our hospital. Approximately 9 mo later, the patient could speak sentences, walk independently, and carry out activities of daily living independently. Through our case report, we highlighted laryngospasm as an uncommon presentation in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. CONCLUSION: Laryngospasm may be an uncommon clinical manifestation of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.