Combined Doxorubicin Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for Effective Tumor Lymphatic Metastasis by Multi-Modal Chemo-Photothermal Treatment in vivo

INTRODUCTION: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first regional lymph node where tumor cells metastasize, and its identification and treatment are of great significance for the prevention of tumor metastasis. However, the current clinical modalities for identification and treatment of SLN are still far from satisfactory owing to their high cost, invasiveness and low accuracy. We aim to design a novel nanomedicine system for SLN imaging and treatment with high efficacy. METHODS: We designed and prepared hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS) and loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX), which is then modified with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to obtain nanomedicine: HMCS-PVP-DOX. RESULTS: HMCS-PVP with a size of about 150 nm could retain in the lymph nodes for a long time and stain the lymph nodes, which could be easily observed by the naked eye. At the same time, HMCS-PVP exhibited excellent photoacoustic and photothermal imaging capabilities, realizing multimodal imaging to locate lymph nodes precisely. Due to its high specific surface area, HMCS could be largely loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). HMCS-PVP-DOX displayed highly efficient synergistic chemotherapy-photothermal therapy for lymphatic metastases in both cellular and animal experiments due to its significant photothermal effect under 1064 nm laser irradiation. HMCS-PVP-DOX also displayed great stability and biosafety. DISCUSSION: Multifunctional nanomedicine HMCS-PVP-DOX is expected to provide a novel paradigm for designing nanomedicine to the diagnosis and treatment of lymphatic metastases because of its good stability and safety.