Analyzing the Frequency of Premalignant Lesions and Oral Malignancy in Indian Subjects Attending Outpatient Department From the Low Socioeconomic Group

Background: Oral cancer is a rapidly growing disease among Indian subjects mainly in the low socioeconomic group. Socially and economically marginalized subjects are at high risk for oral cancer because of smoke and smokeless tobacco consumption. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of precancerous lesions and oral cancer and evaluate tobacco as a causative factor in Indian subjects visiting the outpatient department of the institute. Methods: Around 658 subjects were analyzed for frequency of premalignant lesions and oral malignancy in Indian subjects from the low socioeconomic group. Patients visited for pain, burning, or ulceration in the oral cavity were clinically assessed for any tissue growths, leathery alterations, ulcerative changes, and white or red lesions in the oral cavity. Results: The overall prevalence of smokeless and smoking tobacco was 78.8% (n=518) and 65.2% (n=429) respectively in the present study. Around 39.8% (n=262) of samples were stained positive for precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity. The highest number of positive samples were from buccal mucosa with 36.2% (n=238) subjects and 6.1% (n=40) for labial mucosa. Conclusions: Oral cancer is highly prevalent in Indian subjects owing to high tobacco consumption rates and habits warranting the cessation center a priority. Also, early detection and screening are vital to attaining better outcomes. More tobacco cessation centers are needed to stop the habit and early diagnosis will prevent dysplastic changes.