Acute compartment syndrome caused by hematoma with minor trauma in hemodialysis patients: Two case reports

INTRODUCTION: Acute compartment syndrome is a condition that requires an immediate diagnosis and surgical management. Compartment syndrome related to hematoma caused by minor trauma in hemodialysis patients is rarely reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We present two cases of hemodialysis patients diagnosed with compartment syndrome of the forearm due to hematoma caused by the disruption of blood vessels after a minor trauma. The removal of the hematoma and fasciotomy with adequate skin care significantly improved soft tissue heeling with no functional impairment. DISCUSSION: A long-term history of hemodialysis may increase the vascular vulnerability and have the potential risk of disruption by minor trauma. When the blood vessel is disrupted, a hematoma is formed and necessitating emergent surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Surgeons should be aware of the potential risk of damage to blood vessels with minor trauma that results in the formation of a hematoma and compartment syndrome in hemodialysis patients.