A retrospective comparison between digital to conventional drainage systems for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax related to diffuse interstitial lung disease

INTRODUCTION: Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) occurs as one of the complications associated with interstitial pneumonia (IP). Chest drainage is performed when there is a large volume of air in the pleural space. Notably, SSP with IP (SSP‐IP) is frequently not curable by chest drainage only. A digital drainage system (DDS) provides an objective evaluation of air leakage and maintains a pre‐determined negative pressure, compared to an analog drainage system (ADS). Few studies have reported the effectiveness of DDS in the treatment of SSP‐IP. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of DDS for SSP‐IP. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with SSP‐IP who had undergone chest drainage. We reviewed the included patients' medical records, laboratory data, computed tomography findings, and pulmonary function data. RESULTS: DDS was used in 24 patients and ADS in 49 patients. The mean duration of chest drainage was 11.4 ± 1.9 days in the DDS group and 14.2 ± 1.3 days in the ADS group, which was not significantly different (p = 0.218). Surgery, pleurodesis, and/or factor XIII administration were performed in 40 patients. Additionally, five (20.8%) patients in the DDS group and nine (18.4%) in the ADS group had a recurrence of pneumothorax within 4 weeks (p = 1.000). One patient (14%) in the DDS group and six (12.2%) in the ADS group (p = 0.414) were cured of pneumothorax but later died. CONCLUSION: DDS did not demonstrate a significant difference in the shortening of chest drainage duration. Further study is needed to validate the results of this study.