Analysis of the disease burden of cardiomyopathy in children aged 0–14 years in China from 1990 to 2019

OBJECTIVES: To assess the disease burden and changing trend of cardiomyopathy in children aged 0–14 years in China from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019; the age-specific prevalence rate, mortality rate and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate were used for analysis. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in burden rate and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. The data of China were compared with the global average level. RESULTS: In 2019, the numbers of prevalence, deaths, and DALYs of cardiomyopathy in children aged 0–14 years in China were 4,493 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 2687 ~ 6,838], 434 (95%UI: 337 ~ 565) and 37,522 (95%UI: 29,321 ~ 48,891), with declining amplitudes of 16.32, 70.56, and 70.74%, compared with 1990, respectively. In 2019, the prevalence rate of cardiomyopathy in Chinese children aged 0–14 years was 2.00/100,000 (95%UI: 1.2/100,000 ~ 3.04/100,000), higher than 1990 [1.66/100,000 (95%UI:1.00/100,000 ~ 2.53/100,000)]; mortality rate was 0.19/100,000 (95%UI: 0.15/100,000 ~ 0.25/100,000), significantly lower than 1990 [0.46/100,000 (95%UI: 0.25/100,000 ~ 0.95/100,000)]; DALY rate was 16.69/100,000 (95%UI: 13.04/100,000 ~ 21.75/100,000), also significantly lower than 1990 [39.71/100,000 (95%UI: 22.06/100,000 ~ 82.8/100,000)]. All burden rates of cardiomyopathy in Chinese children aged 0–14 years old were all lower than the global averages of 2019; the burden rates of male children were higher than female children. In all calendar years from 1990 to 2019, the mortality and DALY rates of children younger than 1-year-old were significantly higher than in the other age groups of 0–14 years old. From 1990 to 2019, the prevalence rate of cardiomyopathy aged 0–14 years old gradually increased, with EAPC of 0.82 (95%CI: 0.71–0.93); mortality rate and DALY rate decreased [EAPC = −2.32 (95%CI: −2.59 to −2.05)]. CONCLUSION: From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of cardiomyopathy in children of China aged 0–14 years was heterogeneous; the burden of male children was higher than females; and the burden of cardiomyopathy in children younger than 1 year old needs more attention.