Association between the beta‐blockers, calcium channel blockers, all‐cause mortality and length of hospitalization in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

PURPOSE: To establish an association between beta‐blockers (BBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), all‐cause mortality, and hospitalization in patients with Heart failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF). METHODS: The present meta‐analysis has been performed as per the guidelines of (PRISMA). An inclusive literature search was made without any limitations on language using the electronic databases Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed up to November 2022. The outcomes evaluated in this meta‐analysis involved all‐cause mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure. The number of patients with HFpEF and their positive outcomes was extracted and analyzed using RevMan software. RESULTS: In total, 10 articles were included in the present meta‐analysis, with a pooled sample size of 12 940 HFpEF patients. In comparison with placebo, both BB and CCB substantially reduced the risk of all‐cause mortality and hospitalization. However, BB are more effective because they provide a significant reduction in all‐cause mortality (risk ratio (RR) = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43–0.83; p = .002] and hospitalization (RR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.37–0.80; p = .002) as compared with CCB with a risk ratio of all‐cause mortality (RR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.60–0.98; p = .03) and hospitalization (RR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.44–0.90; p < .00001). A random‐effects model was used because of high heterogeneity between the studies (I (2) > 70%). CONCLUSIONS: The current meta‐analysis suggests that BBs were more beneficial than CCB in reducing all‐cause mortality and hospitalization duration in patients with HFpEF.