Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Physical Performance in Female Team Sports: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: There is limited information regarding adaptation of HIIT in female athletes which is important since the adaptation to HIIT may be different compared to male athletes. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the effects of HIIT on physical performance in female team sports athletes. METHODS: The following databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest and Science Direct were searched prior to September 2nd, 2022. The inclusion criteria were longitudinal studies written in English, elite, sub-elite or college female team sports participants, and HIIT intensity had to be at 80–100% maximal heart rate. There were no exclusion criteria regarding the age of the participants or their training experience. The primary outcome measures were maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max), repeated sprint ability (RSA), change of direction speed, speed, explosive strength and body composition. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 230 participants. HIIT improved VO(2)max in five studies (ES from 0.19 to 1.08), while three studies showed improvement in their RSA (ES from 0.32 to 0.64). In addition, change of direction speed was improved in five studies (ES from 0.34 to 0.88), while speed improved in four studies (ES from 0.12 to 0.88). Explosive strength results varied (ES from 0.39 to 1.05), while in terms of body composition, the results were inconsistent through observed team sports. CONCLUSION: HIIT has significant effects on VO(2)max, RSA, change of direction speed, speed and explosive strength in female team sports, regardless of the competition level.