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The Role of Anger Expression in Unmet Expectations and Depressive Symptoms

Background and Objectives. Depression is associated with unmet relational expectations, but little is known about how both partners experience meeting expectations and how this relates to anger expression and depressive symptoms. The aim of study 1 was to explore the role of anger expression in expl...

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Autores principales: Kaźmierczak, Izabela, Zajenkowska, Anna, Rajchert, Joanna, Jakubowska, Adrianna, Abramiuk-Szyszko, Agnieszka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37601160
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8842805
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author Kaźmierczak, Izabela
Zajenkowska, Anna
Rajchert, Joanna
Jakubowska, Adrianna
Abramiuk-Szyszko, Agnieszka
author_facet Kaźmierczak, Izabela
Zajenkowska, Anna
Rajchert, Joanna
Jakubowska, Adrianna
Abramiuk-Szyszko, Agnieszka
author_sort Kaźmierczak, Izabela
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives. Depression is associated with unmet relational expectations, but little is known about how both partners experience meeting expectations and how this relates to anger expression and depressive symptoms. The aim of study 1 was to explore the role of anger expression in explaining the link between relational expectations and depression using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model. Additionally, social expectations beyond romantic relationships are associated with societal demands. Study 2 is aimed at investigating the role of anger expression in the relationship between internalized social demands (i.e., outer self-awareness) and depressive symptoms. Design and Methods. Online self-report data were collected from N = 194 romantic partners (97 dyads) in study 1 and N = 407 individuals in study 2. Results. In study 1, unmet expectations were associated with both actor and partner effects on depressive symptoms and anger expression. In particular, inwardly directed anger was linked to depressive symptoms in the case of the individual experiencing unmet expectations, whereas outwardly directed anger predicted such symptoms in the case of the partner's unmet expectations. In study 2, there was a positive association between outer self-awareness and directing anger inwards and outwards, which was linked to higher depressive symptoms. Furthermore, while directing anger inwards seemed to be a universal mechanism underlying the association, the interpersonal mechanism (i.e., directing anger outwards) was found to be dependent on gender.
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spelling pubmed-104398332023-08-20 The Role of Anger Expression in Unmet Expectations and Depressive Symptoms Kaźmierczak, Izabela Zajenkowska, Anna Rajchert, Joanna Jakubowska, Adrianna Abramiuk-Szyszko, Agnieszka Depress Res Treat Research Article Background and Objectives. Depression is associated with unmet relational expectations, but little is known about how both partners experience meeting expectations and how this relates to anger expression and depressive symptoms. The aim of study 1 was to explore the role of anger expression in explaining the link between relational expectations and depression using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model. Additionally, social expectations beyond romantic relationships are associated with societal demands. Study 2 is aimed at investigating the role of anger expression in the relationship between internalized social demands (i.e., outer self-awareness) and depressive symptoms. Design and Methods. Online self-report data were collected from N = 194 romantic partners (97 dyads) in study 1 and N = 407 individuals in study 2. Results. In study 1, unmet expectations were associated with both actor and partner effects on depressive symptoms and anger expression. In particular, inwardly directed anger was linked to depressive symptoms in the case of the individual experiencing unmet expectations, whereas outwardly directed anger predicted such symptoms in the case of the partner's unmet expectations. In study 2, there was a positive association between outer self-awareness and directing anger inwards and outwards, which was linked to higher depressive symptoms. Furthermore, while directing anger inwards seemed to be a universal mechanism underlying the association, the interpersonal mechanism (i.e., directing anger outwards) was found to be dependent on gender. Hindawi 2023-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10439833/ /pubmed/37601160 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8842805 Text en Copyright © 2023 Izabela Kaźmierczak et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kaźmierczak, Izabela
Zajenkowska, Anna
Rajchert, Joanna
Jakubowska, Adrianna
Abramiuk-Szyszko, Agnieszka
The Role of Anger Expression in Unmet Expectations and Depressive Symptoms
title The Role of Anger Expression in Unmet Expectations and Depressive Symptoms
title_full The Role of Anger Expression in Unmet Expectations and Depressive Symptoms
title_fullStr The Role of Anger Expression in Unmet Expectations and Depressive Symptoms
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Anger Expression in Unmet Expectations and Depressive Symptoms
title_short The Role of Anger Expression in Unmet Expectations and Depressive Symptoms
title_sort role of anger expression in unmet expectations and depressive symptoms
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37601160
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8842805
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