Classification and function of γδT cells and its research progress in anti-glioblastoma

Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes are classified into alpha–beta T (αβΤ) cells and gamma–delta T (γδΤ) cells based on the difference in T cell receptors (TCRs). αβT cells are crucial for the acquired immune response, while γδΤ cells, though only a small subset, can recognize antigenic substances. These antigens do not need to be processed and presented and are not restricted by MHC. This distinguishes γδΤ cells from αβT cells and highlights their distinct role in innate immunity. Despite their small number, γδΤ cells hold significant significance in anti-tumor, anti-infection and immune regulation. Glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of the most prevalent malignant tumors within the central nervous system (CNS). Surgical resection alone proves to be an ineffective method for curing this type of cancer. Even with the combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of some individuals with glioblastoma is still poor, and the recurrence rate is high. In this research, the classification, biological, and immunological functions of γδT cells and their research progress in anti-glioblastoma were reviewed.