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Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?

Combination antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated proved effectiveness in suppressing viral replication and significantly recovering CD4(+) T cell count in HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, contributing to a dramatic reduction in AIDS morbidity and mortality. However, the factors affecting imm...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhang, Wenyuan, Ruan, Lianguo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10440441/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37608956
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236460
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author Zhang, Wenyuan
Ruan, Lianguo
author_facet Zhang, Wenyuan
Ruan, Lianguo
author_sort Zhang, Wenyuan
collection PubMed
description Combination antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated proved effectiveness in suppressing viral replication and significantly recovering CD4(+) T cell count in HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, contributing to a dramatic reduction in AIDS morbidity and mortality. However, the factors affecting immune reconstitution are extremely complex. Demographic factors, co-infection, baseline CD4 cell level, abnormal immune activation, and cytokine dysregulation may all affect immune reconstitution. According to report, 10–40% of HIV-1-infected patients fail to restore the normalization of CD4(+) T cell count and function. They are referred to as immunological non-responders (INRs) who fail to achieve complete immune reconstitution and have a higher mortality rate and higher risk of developing other non-AIDS diseases compared with those who achieve complete immune reconstitution. Heretofore, the mechanisms underlying incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV remain elusive, and INRs are not effectively treated or mitigated. This review discusses the recent progress of mechanisms and factors responsible for incomplete immune reconstitution in AIDS and summarizes the corresponding therapeutic strategies according to different mechanisms to improve the individual therapy.
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spelling pubmed-104404412023-08-22 Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like? Zhang, Wenyuan Ruan, Lianguo Front Microbiol Microbiology Combination antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated proved effectiveness in suppressing viral replication and significantly recovering CD4(+) T cell count in HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, contributing to a dramatic reduction in AIDS morbidity and mortality. However, the factors affecting immune reconstitution are extremely complex. Demographic factors, co-infection, baseline CD4 cell level, abnormal immune activation, and cytokine dysregulation may all affect immune reconstitution. According to report, 10–40% of HIV-1-infected patients fail to restore the normalization of CD4(+) T cell count and function. They are referred to as immunological non-responders (INRs) who fail to achieve complete immune reconstitution and have a higher mortality rate and higher risk of developing other non-AIDS diseases compared with those who achieve complete immune reconstitution. Heretofore, the mechanisms underlying incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV remain elusive, and INRs are not effectively treated or mitigated. This review discusses the recent progress of mechanisms and factors responsible for incomplete immune reconstitution in AIDS and summarizes the corresponding therapeutic strategies according to different mechanisms to improve the individual therapy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10440441/ /pubmed/37608956 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236460 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zhang and Ruan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Zhang, Wenyuan
Ruan, Lianguo
Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?
title Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?
title_full Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?
title_fullStr Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?
title_full_unstemmed Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?
title_short Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?
title_sort recent advances in poor hiv immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10440441/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37608956
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236460
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