Investigation of Biopsied Non-Plaque-Induced Gingival Lesions in a Turkish Population: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the distribution and frequency of individuals diagnosed with histopathologically non-plaque-induced gingival lesions and categorize them according to the non-plaque-induced gingival disease classification published at the 2017 World Workshop of Periodontology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical features of the gingival lesion with histopathological diagnosis data in the period 1998-2003 were retrospectively analyzed . The lesions were classified as reactive lesions, malignant neoplasms, premalignant neoplasms, autoimmune disorders, benign neoplasms, hypersensitive reactions, and genetic lesions. Their distribution according to age, gender, histopathological diagnosis, and oral sites was examined. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Among a total of 217 biopsied gingival samples, the most frequent pathologic nature of biopsied non-plaque gingival lesions were reactive lesions (n = 80, 36.87%) and premalignant neoplasms (n = 64, 29.49%). In addition, the 5 most frequent types of all cases included pyogenic granuloma (n = 45, 20.74%), epithelial dysplasia (n = 40, 18.43%), papilloma (n = 33, 15.21%), epithelial hyperplasia (n = 24, 11.06%), and calcifying fibroblastic granuloma (n = 13, 5.99%). CONCLUSIONS: In a Turkish population, the most frequently biopsied non-plaque-induced gingival lesions were reactive lesions and premalignant neoplasms. This study shows that the types of lesions that clinicians, in general, especially periodontologists, can expect to encounter in their practice are the most frequently applied gingival lesions.