An investigation of the effect of acrylamide on fracture healing in rats

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acrylamide (AA) on fracture healing histologically, biochemically, and radiologically in a rat femur fracture model. METHODS: Scanning electron microscopy imaging, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer examination were performed for AA characterization. In this study, after the femur fracture model was created, the groups were formed to include eight rats in each group (G) as follows: G1: 15(th)-day control, G2: 15(th)-day AA, G3: 30(th)-day control, and G4: 30(th)-day AA. In G2 and G4, 5 mg/kg AA was administered 3 times a week by gastric gavage. The fracture was evaluated radiologically according to Lane-Sandhu scoring and histologically according to Huo scoring. The weight changes of the rats were recorded. Albumin, total protein, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, vit. D, parathormone, calcium, phosphorus (P), white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and Platelet values were examined in the blood samples. RESULTS: The characterization properties of AA were confirmed. No significant weight change was observed in the rats during the study. When blood values were compared, a statistically significant difference was determined between albumin, total protein, P, WBC, and Hb groups (p=0.41, p=0.00, p=0.003, p=0.019, and p=0.017, respectively). According to the histological score comparisons, G3 was significantly different from G1, G2, and G4 (p<0.05), and G4 was significantly different from G1 and G2 (p<0.05). According to Lane-Sandhu scoring, there was a significant difference between G2 and G3 and G4 (p=0.0, p=0.034), G1 and G3 (p=0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: AA adversely affects fracture healing even at low doses, as in the present study. According to the results of this study, the authors recommend a diet poor in AA during fracture treatment. Therefore, further human studies are required to find out the complex effect of AA on bone healing and the body.