Alteraciones cognitivas por quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer de mama: una revisión bibliográfica

BACKGROUND: Patients with breast cancer may experience cognitive difficulties from chemotherapy. This alteration is called Chemoinduced Cognitive Impairment, also known as Chemobrain or Chemofog. OBJECTIVE: To identify the cognitive profile and the characteristics of the neuropsychological assessment in this population. METHOD: PubMed, SpringerLink and SciELO databases were revised. Articles from 1994 to September 2021 were selected. Keywords related to the study topic were used. RESULTS: Chemotherapy can cause cognitive impairment between 15 and 50% of women. This disturbance may be from multiple aetiologies and can be associated with biological factors and functional and/or structural changes of the CNS. Sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors should be considered as modulating variables. It manifests mainly with memory problems, executive function, attention and processing speed impairment. It can be measured through neuropsychological evaluation instruments. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We suggest that chemo-induced cognitive impairment should be included to the informed consent. Further development of longitudinal studies complemented with neuroimages that allow us to advance in the knowledge of this problem is recommended. A neuropsychological protocol is proposed, which includes screening tests, clinical scales, specific cognitive tests and quality of life questionnaires, within the recommendations of the International Cognition and Cancer Task Force,