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Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci
Response to survey questionnaires is vital for social and behavioural research, and most analyses assume full and accurate response by participants. However, nonresponse is common and impedes proper interpretation and generalizability of results. We examined item nonresponse behaviour across 109 que...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10444625/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37386106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01632-7 |
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author | Mignogna, Gianmarco Carey, Caitlin E. Wedow, Robbee Baya, Nikolas Cordioli, Mattia Pirastu, Nicola Bellocco, Rino Malerbi, Kathryn Fiuza Nivard, Michel G. Neale, Benjamin M. Walters, Raymond K. Ganna, Andrea |
author_facet | Mignogna, Gianmarco Carey, Caitlin E. Wedow, Robbee Baya, Nikolas Cordioli, Mattia Pirastu, Nicola Bellocco, Rino Malerbi, Kathryn Fiuza Nivard, Michel G. Neale, Benjamin M. Walters, Raymond K. Ganna, Andrea |
author_sort | Mignogna, Gianmarco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Response to survey questionnaires is vital for social and behavioural research, and most analyses assume full and accurate response by participants. However, nonresponse is common and impedes proper interpretation and generalizability of results. We examined item nonresponse behaviour across 109 questionnaire items in the UK Biobank (N = 360,628). Phenotypic factor scores for two participant-selected nonresponse answers, ‘Prefer not to answer’ (PNA) and ‘I don’t know’ (IDK), each predicted participant nonresponse in follow-up surveys (incremental pseudo-R(2) = 0.056), even when controlling for education and self-reported health (incremental pseudo-R(2) = 0.046). After performing genome-wide association studies of our factors, PNA and IDK were highly genetically correlated with one another (r(g) = 0.73 (s.e. = 0.03)) and with education (r(g,PNA) = −0.51 (s.e. = 0.03); r(g,IDK) = −0.38 (s.e. = 0.02)), health (r(g,PNA) = 0.51 (s.e. = 0.03); r(g,IDK) = 0.49 (s.e. = 0.02)) and income (r(g,PNA) = –0.57 (s.e. = 0.04); r(g,IDK) = −0.46 (s.e. = 0.02)), with additional unique genetic associations observed for both PNA and IDK (P < 5 × 10(−8)). We discuss how these associations may bias studies of traits correlated with item nonresponse and demonstrate how this bias may substantially affect genome-wide association studies. While the UK Biobank data are deidentified, we further protected participant privacy by avoiding exploring non-response behaviour to single questions, assuring that no information can be used to associate results with any particular respondents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10444625 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104446252023-08-24 Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci Mignogna, Gianmarco Carey, Caitlin E. Wedow, Robbee Baya, Nikolas Cordioli, Mattia Pirastu, Nicola Bellocco, Rino Malerbi, Kathryn Fiuza Nivard, Michel G. Neale, Benjamin M. Walters, Raymond K. Ganna, Andrea Nat Hum Behav Article Response to survey questionnaires is vital for social and behavioural research, and most analyses assume full and accurate response by participants. However, nonresponse is common and impedes proper interpretation and generalizability of results. We examined item nonresponse behaviour across 109 questionnaire items in the UK Biobank (N = 360,628). Phenotypic factor scores for two participant-selected nonresponse answers, ‘Prefer not to answer’ (PNA) and ‘I don’t know’ (IDK), each predicted participant nonresponse in follow-up surveys (incremental pseudo-R(2) = 0.056), even when controlling for education and self-reported health (incremental pseudo-R(2) = 0.046). After performing genome-wide association studies of our factors, PNA and IDK were highly genetically correlated with one another (r(g) = 0.73 (s.e. = 0.03)) and with education (r(g,PNA) = −0.51 (s.e. = 0.03); r(g,IDK) = −0.38 (s.e. = 0.02)), health (r(g,PNA) = 0.51 (s.e. = 0.03); r(g,IDK) = 0.49 (s.e. = 0.02)) and income (r(g,PNA) = –0.57 (s.e. = 0.04); r(g,IDK) = −0.46 (s.e. = 0.02)), with additional unique genetic associations observed for both PNA and IDK (P < 5 × 10(−8)). We discuss how these associations may bias studies of traits correlated with item nonresponse and demonstrate how this bias may substantially affect genome-wide association studies. While the UK Biobank data are deidentified, we further protected participant privacy by avoiding exploring non-response behaviour to single questions, assuring that no information can be used to associate results with any particular respondents. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-06-29 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10444625/ /pubmed/37386106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01632-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Mignogna, Gianmarco Carey, Caitlin E. Wedow, Robbee Baya, Nikolas Cordioli, Mattia Pirastu, Nicola Bellocco, Rino Malerbi, Kathryn Fiuza Nivard, Michel G. Neale, Benjamin M. Walters, Raymond K. Ganna, Andrea Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci |
title | Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci |
title_full | Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci |
title_fullStr | Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci |
title_full_unstemmed | Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci |
title_short | Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci |
title_sort | patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10444625/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37386106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01632-7 |
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