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Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study

Background: Photocatalytic air purifiers based on nano-titanium dioxide (TiO (2)) visible light activation provide an efficient solution for removing and degrading contaminants in air. The potential detachment of TiO (2) particles from the air purifier to indoor air could cause a safety concern. A T...

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Autores principales: Koivisto, Antti Joonas, Trabucco, Sara, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, Calzolari, Francescopiero, Nicosia, Alessia, Del Secco, Benedetta, Altin, Marko, Morabito, Elisa, Blosi, Magda, Costa, Anna, Belosi, Franco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: F1000 Research Limited 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10446146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37645270
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14771.1
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author Koivisto, Antti Joonas
Trabucco, Sara
Ravegnani, Fabrizio
Calzolari, Francescopiero
Nicosia, Alessia
Del Secco, Benedetta
Altin, Marko
Morabito, Elisa
Blosi, Magda
Costa, Anna
Belosi, Franco
author_facet Koivisto, Antti Joonas
Trabucco, Sara
Ravegnani, Fabrizio
Calzolari, Francescopiero
Nicosia, Alessia
Del Secco, Benedetta
Altin, Marko
Morabito, Elisa
Blosi, Magda
Costa, Anna
Belosi, Franco
author_sort Koivisto, Antti Joonas
collection PubMed
description Background: Photocatalytic air purifiers based on nano-titanium dioxide (TiO (2)) visible light activation provide an efficient solution for removing and degrading contaminants in air. The potential detachment of TiO (2) particles from the air purifier to indoor air could cause a safety concern. A TiO (2) release potential was measured for one commercially available photocatalytic air purifier “Gearbox Wivactive” to ensure a successful implementation of the photocatalytic air purifying technology. Methods: In this study, the TiO (2) release was studied under laboratory-simulated conditions from a  Gearbox Wivactive consisting of ceramic honeycombs coated with photocatalytic nitrogen doped TiO (2) particles. The TiO (2) particle release factor was measured in scalable units according to the photoactive surface area and volume flow (TiO (2)-ng/m (2)×m (3)). The impact of  Gearbox Wivactive on indoor concentration level under reasonable worst-case conditions was predicted by using the release factor and a well-mixed indoor aerosol model. Results: The instrumentation and experimental setup was not sufficiently sensitive to quantify the emissions from the photoactive surfaces. The upper limit for TiO (2) mass release was <185×10 (-3) TiO (2)-ng/m (2)×m (3). Under realistic conditions the TiO (2) concentration level in a 20 m (3) room ventilated at rate of 0.5 1/h and containing two Gearbox Wivactive units resulted <20×10 (-3) TiO (2)-ng/m (3). Conclusions: The release potential was quantified for a photocatalytic surface in generalized units that can be used to calculate the emission potential for different photocatalytic surfaces used in various operational conditions. This study shows that the TiO (2) nanoparticle release potential was low in this case and the release does not cause relevant exposure as compared to proposed occupational exposure limit values for nanosized TiO (2). The TiO (2) release risk was adequately controlled under reasonable worst-case operational conditions.
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spelling pubmed-104461462023-08-29 Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study Koivisto, Antti Joonas Trabucco, Sara Ravegnani, Fabrizio Calzolari, Francescopiero Nicosia, Alessia Del Secco, Benedetta Altin, Marko Morabito, Elisa Blosi, Magda Costa, Anna Belosi, Franco Open Res Eur Research Article Background: Photocatalytic air purifiers based on nano-titanium dioxide (TiO (2)) visible light activation provide an efficient solution for removing and degrading contaminants in air. The potential detachment of TiO (2) particles from the air purifier to indoor air could cause a safety concern. A TiO (2) release potential was measured for one commercially available photocatalytic air purifier “Gearbox Wivactive” to ensure a successful implementation of the photocatalytic air purifying technology. Methods: In this study, the TiO (2) release was studied under laboratory-simulated conditions from a  Gearbox Wivactive consisting of ceramic honeycombs coated with photocatalytic nitrogen doped TiO (2) particles. The TiO (2) particle release factor was measured in scalable units according to the photoactive surface area and volume flow (TiO (2)-ng/m (2)×m (3)). The impact of  Gearbox Wivactive on indoor concentration level under reasonable worst-case conditions was predicted by using the release factor and a well-mixed indoor aerosol model. Results: The instrumentation and experimental setup was not sufficiently sensitive to quantify the emissions from the photoactive surfaces. The upper limit for TiO (2) mass release was <185×10 (-3) TiO (2)-ng/m (2)×m (3). Under realistic conditions the TiO (2) concentration level in a 20 m (3) room ventilated at rate of 0.5 1/h and containing two Gearbox Wivactive units resulted <20×10 (-3) TiO (2)-ng/m (3). Conclusions: The release potential was quantified for a photocatalytic surface in generalized units that can be used to calculate the emission potential for different photocatalytic surfaces used in various operational conditions. This study shows that the TiO (2) nanoparticle release potential was low in this case and the release does not cause relevant exposure as compared to proposed occupational exposure limit values for nanosized TiO (2). The TiO (2) release risk was adequately controlled under reasonable worst-case operational conditions. F1000 Research Limited 2022-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10446146/ /pubmed/37645270 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14771.1 Text en Copyright: © 2022 Koivisto AJ et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Koivisto, Antti Joonas
Trabucco, Sara
Ravegnani, Fabrizio
Calzolari, Francescopiero
Nicosia, Alessia
Del Secco, Benedetta
Altin, Marko
Morabito, Elisa
Blosi, Magda
Costa, Anna
Belosi, Franco
Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study
title Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study
title_full Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study
title_fullStr Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study
title_full_unstemmed Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study
title_short Nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: A case study
title_sort nanosized titanium dioxide particle emission potential from a commercial indoor air purifier photocatalytic surface: a case study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10446146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37645270
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14771.1
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