Further development and evaluation of a questionnaire targeting person-centred outpatient care for persons with long-term conditions

AIM: To further develop the Person-Centred Care instrument for outpatient care (PCCoc), evaluate its user-friendliness and content validity, and to explore its basic psychometric properties in various outpatient settings for adults with long-term conditions. BACKGROUND: Person-centred care (PCC) has been identified as a key factor to provide high-quality care. However, there is still a lack of instruments that are based on a clearly defined framework for PCC for persons with long-term conditions in an outpatient context. The PCCoc is a patient-reported experience measure under development aiming to fill this gap. METHODS: First, the 35-item PCCoc was reviewed and further developed in collaboration with a user-council. Second, the revised 36-item PCCoc was tested among persons receiving outpatient care for various long-term conditions. A total of 179 persons with long-term conditions from four different specialties participated in the study. User-friendliness and content validity were assessed through structured interviews and relevance ratings of each item. Content validity index (CVI) for individual items (I-CVI) and for the overall scale (S-CVI) were calculated, and basic psychometric properties of the PCCoc using classical test theory were explored. RESULTS: It took a median of 8 min for participants to complete the PCCoc. The majority found items easy to understand, response categories distinct and that no important areas were missing. Results from the CVI analyses suggested that participants found the content of the PCCoc relevant (I-CVI range 0.82-1, S-CVI = 0.95). All psychometric properties examined were satisfactory (e.g., item-total correlations, 0.45–0.75; Cronbach’s alpha, 0.96; test-retest stability, 0.83). CONCLUSION: The PCCoc was considered user-friendly and relevant by the intended users, and its psychometric properties were satisfactory. This implies that the PCCoc can be a valuable instrument for evaluating and developing PCC in outpatient care for persons with long-term conditions. However, further studies of the PCCoc are needed to establish its measurement properties in various outpatient settings.