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Cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer

The cell-in-cell (CIC) phenomenon has received increasing attention over recent years because of its wide existence in multiple cancer tissues. The mechanism of CIC formation is considerably complex as it involves interactions between two cells. Although the molecular mechanisms of CIC formation hav...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Liu, Xiaona, Yang, Jun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37637068
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1242725
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author Liu, Xiaona
Yang, Jun
author_facet Liu, Xiaona
Yang, Jun
author_sort Liu, Xiaona
collection PubMed
description The cell-in-cell (CIC) phenomenon has received increasing attention over recent years because of its wide existence in multiple cancer tissues. The mechanism of CIC formation is considerably complex as it involves interactions between two cells. Although the molecular mechanisms of CIC formation have been extensively investigated, the process of CIC formation remains ambiguous. Currently, CIC is classified into four subtypes based on different cell types and inducing factors, and the underlying mechanisms for each subtype are distinct. Here, we investigated the subtypes of CIC and their major mechanisms involved in cancer development. To determine the clinical significance of CIC, we reviewed several clinical studies on CIC and found that CIC could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. The implications of CIC on the clinical management of cancers also remain largely unknown. To clarify this aspect, in the present review, we highlight the findings of recent investigations on the causal link between CIC and cancer treatment. We also indicate the existing issues that need to be resolved urgently to provide a potential direction for future research on CIC.
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spelling pubmed-104490252023-08-25 Cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer Liu, Xiaona Yang, Jun Front Oncol Oncology The cell-in-cell (CIC) phenomenon has received increasing attention over recent years because of its wide existence in multiple cancer tissues. The mechanism of CIC formation is considerably complex as it involves interactions between two cells. Although the molecular mechanisms of CIC formation have been extensively investigated, the process of CIC formation remains ambiguous. Currently, CIC is classified into four subtypes based on different cell types and inducing factors, and the underlying mechanisms for each subtype are distinct. Here, we investigated the subtypes of CIC and their major mechanisms involved in cancer development. To determine the clinical significance of CIC, we reviewed several clinical studies on CIC and found that CIC could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. The implications of CIC on the clinical management of cancers also remain largely unknown. To clarify this aspect, in the present review, we highlight the findings of recent investigations on the causal link between CIC and cancer treatment. We also indicate the existing issues that need to be resolved urgently to provide a potential direction for future research on CIC. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10449025/ /pubmed/37637068 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1242725 Text en Copyright © 2023 Liu and Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Liu, Xiaona
Yang, Jun
Cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer
title Cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer
title_full Cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer
title_fullStr Cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer
title_full_unstemmed Cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer
title_short Cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer
title_sort cell-in-cell: a potential biomarker of prognosis and a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37637068
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1242725
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