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Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa
Freshwater sources, often used for domestic and agricultural purposes in low- and middle-income countries are repositories of clinically significant bacterial pathogens. These pathogens are usually diversified in their antibiogram profiles posing public health threats. This study evaluated the spati...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37616257 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288809 |
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author | Iwu, Chidozie Declan Nontongana, Nolonwabo Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana Anyanwu, Brilliance Onyinyechi du Plessis, Erika Korsten, Lise Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyin |
author_facet | Iwu, Chidozie Declan Nontongana, Nolonwabo Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana Anyanwu, Brilliance Onyinyechi du Plessis, Erika Korsten, Lise Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyin |
author_sort | Iwu, Chidozie Declan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Freshwater sources, often used for domestic and agricultural purposes in low- and middle-income countries are repositories of clinically significant bacterial pathogens. These pathogens are usually diversified in their antibiogram profiles posing public health threats. This study evaluated the spatial diarrhoeal disease risk and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in four access points of the Buffalo River, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa using standard epidemiological, culture, and molecular methods. The diarrhoeal disease risk was characterised using the Monte Carlo simulation, while the antibiogram diversity was assessed using the species observed Whittaker’s single alpha-diversity modelling. E. coli mean count was highest in King William’s Town dam [16.0 × 10(2) CFU/100ml (SD: 100.0, 95% CI: 13.5 × 10(2) to 18.5 × 10(2))]. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (stx1/stx2) was the most prevalent DEC pathotype across the study sites. A high diarrhoeal disease risk of 25.0 ×10(−2) exceeding the World Health Organization’s standard was recorded across the study sites. The average single and multiple antimicrobial resistance indices of the DEC to test antimicrobials were highest in the Eluxolzweni dam [0.52 (SD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.67)] and King William’s Town dam [0.42 (SD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.57)] respectively. The prevalent antibiotic resistance genes detected were tetA, bla(FOX) and bla(MOX) plasmid-mediated AmpC, bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) extended-spectrum β-lactamases, which co-occurred across the study sites on network analysis. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance characteristics of the DEC in Maden dam (r = 0.93, p<0.00), Rooikrantz dam (r = 0.91, p<0.00), King William’s Town dam (r = 0.83, p = 0.0), and Eluxolzweni dam (r = 0.91, p<0.00) were strongly correlated. At least, three phylogenetic clades of the DEC with initial steep descent alpha-diversity curves for most of the test antimicrobials were observed across the study sites, indicating high diversity. The occurrence of diversified multi drug resistant DEC with diarrhoeal disease risks in the Buffalo River substantiates the role surface water bodies play in the dissemination of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens with public health implications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10449160 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104491602023-08-25 Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa Iwu, Chidozie Declan Nontongana, Nolonwabo Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana Anyanwu, Brilliance Onyinyechi du Plessis, Erika Korsten, Lise Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyin PLoS One Research Article Freshwater sources, often used for domestic and agricultural purposes in low- and middle-income countries are repositories of clinically significant bacterial pathogens. These pathogens are usually diversified in their antibiogram profiles posing public health threats. This study evaluated the spatial diarrhoeal disease risk and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in four access points of the Buffalo River, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa using standard epidemiological, culture, and molecular methods. The diarrhoeal disease risk was characterised using the Monte Carlo simulation, while the antibiogram diversity was assessed using the species observed Whittaker’s single alpha-diversity modelling. E. coli mean count was highest in King William’s Town dam [16.0 × 10(2) CFU/100ml (SD: 100.0, 95% CI: 13.5 × 10(2) to 18.5 × 10(2))]. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (stx1/stx2) was the most prevalent DEC pathotype across the study sites. A high diarrhoeal disease risk of 25.0 ×10(−2) exceeding the World Health Organization’s standard was recorded across the study sites. The average single and multiple antimicrobial resistance indices of the DEC to test antimicrobials were highest in the Eluxolzweni dam [0.52 (SD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.67)] and King William’s Town dam [0.42 (SD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.57)] respectively. The prevalent antibiotic resistance genes detected were tetA, bla(FOX) and bla(MOX) plasmid-mediated AmpC, bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) extended-spectrum β-lactamases, which co-occurred across the study sites on network analysis. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance characteristics of the DEC in Maden dam (r = 0.93, p<0.00), Rooikrantz dam (r = 0.91, p<0.00), King William’s Town dam (r = 0.83, p = 0.0), and Eluxolzweni dam (r = 0.91, p<0.00) were strongly correlated. At least, three phylogenetic clades of the DEC with initial steep descent alpha-diversity curves for most of the test antimicrobials were observed across the study sites, indicating high diversity. The occurrence of diversified multi drug resistant DEC with diarrhoeal disease risks in the Buffalo River substantiates the role surface water bodies play in the dissemination of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens with public health implications. Public Library of Science 2023-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10449160/ /pubmed/37616257 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288809 Text en © 2023 Iwu et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Iwu, Chidozie Declan Nontongana, Nolonwabo Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana Anyanwu, Brilliance Onyinyechi du Plessis, Erika Korsten, Lise Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyin Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa |
title | Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa |
title_full | Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa |
title_fullStr | Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa |
title_short | Spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in selected access points of the Buffalo River, South Africa |
title_sort | spatial diarrheal disease risks and antibiogram diversity of diarrheagenic escherichia coli in selected access points of the buffalo river, south africa |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37616257 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288809 |
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