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Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada

Cache Valley virus (CVV) disease is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic to North America. CVV disease is reported most often in sheep, causing lethal congenital deformities. There are limited data on CVV in Ontario, which is the largest sheep producing province in Canada. This study aimed to determine...

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Autores principales: Bergevin, Michele D., Ng, Victoria, Menzies, Paula, Ludwig, Antoinette, Mubareka, Samira, Clow, Katie M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449202/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37616323
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290443
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author Bergevin, Michele D.
Ng, Victoria
Menzies, Paula
Ludwig, Antoinette
Mubareka, Samira
Clow, Katie M.
author_facet Bergevin, Michele D.
Ng, Victoria
Menzies, Paula
Ludwig, Antoinette
Mubareka, Samira
Clow, Katie M.
author_sort Bergevin, Michele D.
collection PubMed
description Cache Valley virus (CVV) disease is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic to North America. CVV disease is reported most often in sheep, causing lethal congenital deformities. There are limited data on CVV in Ontario, which is the largest sheep producing province in Canada. This study aimed to determine CVV seroprevalence in Ontario sheep flocks and investigate farm management factors associated with CVV exposure. A cross-sectional study was performed including 364 mature ewes across 18 farms selected from the five largest sheep districts in the province. A questionnaire was administered at each farm to determine farm management practices pertinent to the flock and ewes specifically sampled. Mixed multivariable logistic regression with a random effect for farm was conducted to assess associations between CVV seropositivity (outcome variable) and farm management risk factors (predictor variables). CVV seroprevalence was 33.2% in individual ewes (95% CI: 28.4%-38.1%) as determined by a virus neutralization assay with a titre > 4. Sixteen of the eighteen flocks (88.9%) had at least one CVV seropositive ewe. Increased age, smaller flock size, and sheep housing near wetlands, lakes, or ponds were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of CVV seropositivity. These findings are valuable in guiding breeding practices and housing during mosquito season to minimize infection and, ultimately, CVV disease in the flock.
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spelling pubmed-104492022023-08-25 Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada Bergevin, Michele D. Ng, Victoria Menzies, Paula Ludwig, Antoinette Mubareka, Samira Clow, Katie M. PLoS One Research Article Cache Valley virus (CVV) disease is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic to North America. CVV disease is reported most often in sheep, causing lethal congenital deformities. There are limited data on CVV in Ontario, which is the largest sheep producing province in Canada. This study aimed to determine CVV seroprevalence in Ontario sheep flocks and investigate farm management factors associated with CVV exposure. A cross-sectional study was performed including 364 mature ewes across 18 farms selected from the five largest sheep districts in the province. A questionnaire was administered at each farm to determine farm management practices pertinent to the flock and ewes specifically sampled. Mixed multivariable logistic regression with a random effect for farm was conducted to assess associations between CVV seropositivity (outcome variable) and farm management risk factors (predictor variables). CVV seroprevalence was 33.2% in individual ewes (95% CI: 28.4%-38.1%) as determined by a virus neutralization assay with a titre > 4. Sixteen of the eighteen flocks (88.9%) had at least one CVV seropositive ewe. Increased age, smaller flock size, and sheep housing near wetlands, lakes, or ponds were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of CVV seropositivity. These findings are valuable in guiding breeding practices and housing during mosquito season to minimize infection and, ultimately, CVV disease in the flock. Public Library of Science 2023-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10449202/ /pubmed/37616323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290443 Text en © 2023 Bergevin et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bergevin, Michele D.
Ng, Victoria
Menzies, Paula
Ludwig, Antoinette
Mubareka, Samira
Clow, Katie M.
Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada
title Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada
title_full Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada
title_fullStr Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada
title_full_unstemmed Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada
title_short Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada
title_sort cache a killer: cache valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in ontario, canada
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449202/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37616323
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290443
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