Jackstone in the renal calyx: A rare case report

BACKGROUND: Jackstone is a rare entity of calculi in urinary tracts and has the characteristic appearance resembling toy jacks. They are nearly always reported to occur in the urinary bladder, we first report a rare case of jackstone located in the obstructed renal calyx. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 46-year-old man presenting with intermittent, painless gross hematuria and left flank pain. Urinary computed tomography revealed staghorn stones and secondary hydronephrosis. A jackstone with radiating branches was found in one of the dilated renal calyx. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed and endoscopic images were recorded during the operation. Postoperative stone composition analysis revealed it as calcium oxalate monohydrate stones. CONCLUSION: Jackstones can occur in the renal collecting system besides the bladder. The unique appearance and imaging manifestations are the most important factors in the diagnosis of jackstones, and further exploration of the formation mechanism is required.