Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 and anti-Ro52 antibody-dual positive dermatomyositis accompanied by rapidly lung disease: Three case reports

BACKGROUND: Clinically amyopathic deramatomyositis was manifested as the various cutaneous dermatomyositis (DM) manifestations without muscle weakness. Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) and anti-Ro52 antibody-dual positive clinically amyopathic DM patients are at a high risk of developing rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease, and they exhibit an immensely high half-year mortality. CASE SUMMARY: We presented three patients with anti-MDA5 and anti-Ro52 antibody-dual positive DM patients and we reviewed the previous studies on the link between anti-MDA5 and anti-Ro52 antibody-dual positive DM. Although we aggressively treated these patients similarly, but they all exhibited different prognoses. We reviewed the importance of clinical cutaneous rashes as well as the pathogenesis and treatment in the dual positive anti-MDA5 and anti-Ro52 associated DM. CONCLUSION: Patients with anti-MDA5 anti-Ro52 antibody-dual positive DM should be accurately diagnosed at an early stage and should be treated aggressively, thus, the patient’s prognosis can be significantly modified.