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Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review

This review explores the role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis and its impact on cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque accumulation in arterial walls, is a major contributor to cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. Vitamin D...

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Autores principales: Khanolkar, Shubham, Hirani, Sajid, Mishra, Aditi, Vardhan, Sauvik, Hirani, Shoyeb, Prasad, Roshan, Wanjari, Mayur
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10450567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37637551
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42470
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author Khanolkar, Shubham
Hirani, Sajid
Mishra, Aditi
Vardhan, Sauvik
Hirani, Shoyeb
Prasad, Roshan
Wanjari, Mayur
author_facet Khanolkar, Shubham
Hirani, Sajid
Mishra, Aditi
Vardhan, Sauvik
Hirani, Shoyeb
Prasad, Roshan
Wanjari, Mayur
author_sort Khanolkar, Shubham
collection PubMed
description This review explores the role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis and its impact on cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque accumulation in arterial walls, is a major contributor to cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. Vitamin D has emerged as a multifunctional hormone with pleiotropic effects, extending beyond its traditional role in calcium and bone metabolism. Through its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidative properties, vitamin D may influence the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The association between vitamin D deficiency and atherosclerosis has been extensively studied. Observational studies consistently report an inverse relationship between vitamin D levels, atherosclerotic risk factors, and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects, modulates immune responses, improves endothelial function, and influences lipid metabolism, all of which play critical roles in atherosclerosis development and plaque stability. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Vitamin D influences thrombosis, platelet aggregation, arterial stiffness, blood pressure regulation, and overall vascular health, collectively contributing to cardiovascular event risk. However, the clinical implications of vitamin D for managing atherosclerosis and reducing cardiovascular event risk are still being explored. Randomized controlled trials investigating the cardiovascular benefits of vitamin D supplementation have yielded mixed results, necessitating further research to determine optimal dosages, durations, and patient populations. The review also addresses public health recommendations and future directions. Examining current guidelines, identifying research gaps, and considering public health implications are crucial for translating scientific knowledge into effective interventions. Raising awareness, implementing population-level strategies, and integrating vitamin D assessment into routine clinical practice are key to improving cardiovascular outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-104505672023-08-26 Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review Khanolkar, Shubham Hirani, Sajid Mishra, Aditi Vardhan, Sauvik Hirani, Shoyeb Prasad, Roshan Wanjari, Mayur Cureus Medical Education This review explores the role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis and its impact on cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque accumulation in arterial walls, is a major contributor to cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. Vitamin D has emerged as a multifunctional hormone with pleiotropic effects, extending beyond its traditional role in calcium and bone metabolism. Through its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidative properties, vitamin D may influence the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The association between vitamin D deficiency and atherosclerosis has been extensively studied. Observational studies consistently report an inverse relationship between vitamin D levels, atherosclerotic risk factors, and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects, modulates immune responses, improves endothelial function, and influences lipid metabolism, all of which play critical roles in atherosclerosis development and plaque stability. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Vitamin D influences thrombosis, platelet aggregation, arterial stiffness, blood pressure regulation, and overall vascular health, collectively contributing to cardiovascular event risk. However, the clinical implications of vitamin D for managing atherosclerosis and reducing cardiovascular event risk are still being explored. Randomized controlled trials investigating the cardiovascular benefits of vitamin D supplementation have yielded mixed results, necessitating further research to determine optimal dosages, durations, and patient populations. The review also addresses public health recommendations and future directions. Examining current guidelines, identifying research gaps, and considering public health implications are crucial for translating scientific knowledge into effective interventions. Raising awareness, implementing population-level strategies, and integrating vitamin D assessment into routine clinical practice are key to improving cardiovascular outcomes. Cureus 2023-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10450567/ /pubmed/37637551 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42470 Text en Copyright © 2023, Khanolkar et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Medical Education
Khanolkar, Shubham
Hirani, Sajid
Mishra, Aditi
Vardhan, Sauvik
Hirani, Shoyeb
Prasad, Roshan
Wanjari, Mayur
Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review
title Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review
title_full Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review
title_short Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review
title_sort exploring the role of vitamin d in atherosclerosis and its impact on cardiovascular events: a comprehensive review
topic Medical Education
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10450567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37637551
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42470
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