Nonlinear behavior of disk spring with complex contact state

Disk springs are widely used as preload and isolation due to their unique mechanical properties. In the prior research, the effect of linear friction on the disk spring was considered, but contact stiffness, another nonlinear contact factor, is ignored. Accordingly, in this paper, the asymmetric displacements of the contact edges are first derived, and the accurate friction dissipations are obtained, as a way to evaluate the effect of friction on the system. Then the velocity of the edges was obtained to establish a dynamic friction model. Meanwhile, the contact displacement and contact stiffness of the edge are obtained by fractal contact theory. Then the nonlinear static and dynamic models of disk spring with friction and contact stiffness are established by the energy method. The load–deflection relationship, stiffness, and hysteresis of disk spring are studied with different contact states. The results show that the model considering contact stiffness and asymmetric friction dissipation can effectively evaluate the static properties of the disk spring. Friction reinforces the nonlinear behavior of the system, while contact stiffness weakens the nonlinearity of the system. And due to the influence of nonlinear contact factors, the transmissibility curves produce multiple resonance peaks.