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Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

The human 25-kDa Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was first identified and purified as a protein that in part is associated with gelatinase from neutrophils. This protein shows a high degree of sequence similarity with the deduced sequences of rat α(2)-microglobulin-related protein and the mouse protein 24p3. Bas...

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Autores principales: Schröder, Sarah K., Gasterich, Natalie, Weiskirchen, Sabine, Weiskirchen, Ralf
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10451079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37638032
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885
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author Schröder, Sarah K.
Gasterich, Natalie
Weiskirchen, Sabine
Weiskirchen, Ralf
author_facet Schröder, Sarah K.
Gasterich, Natalie
Weiskirchen, Sabine
Weiskirchen, Ralf
author_sort Schröder, Sarah K.
collection PubMed
description The human 25-kDa Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was first identified and purified as a protein that in part is associated with gelatinase from neutrophils. This protein shows a high degree of sequence similarity with the deduced sequences of rat α(2)-microglobulin-related protein and the mouse protein 24p3. Based on its typical lipocalin fold, which consists of an eight-stranded, anti-parallel, symmetrical β-barrel fold structure it was initially thought that LCN2 is a circulating protein functioning as a transporter of small lipophilic molecules. However, studies in Lcn2 null mice have shown that LCN2 has bacteriostatic properties and plays a key role in innate immunity by sequestering bacterial iron siderophores. Numerous reports have further shown that LCN2 is involved in the control of cell differentiation, energy expenditure, cell death, chemotaxis, cell migration, and many other biological processes. In addition, important roles for LCN2 in health and disease have been identified in Lcn2 null mice and multiple molecular pathways required for regulation of Lcn2 expression have been identified. Nevertheless, although six putative receptors for LCN2 have been proposed, there is a fundamental lack in understanding of how these cell-surface receptors transmit and amplify LCN2 to the cell. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge on LCN2 receptors and discuss inconsistencies, misinterpretations and false assumptions in the understanding of these potential LCN2 receptors.
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spelling pubmed-104510792023-08-26 Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths Schröder, Sarah K. Gasterich, Natalie Weiskirchen, Sabine Weiskirchen, Ralf Front Immunol Immunology The human 25-kDa Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was first identified and purified as a protein that in part is associated with gelatinase from neutrophils. This protein shows a high degree of sequence similarity with the deduced sequences of rat α(2)-microglobulin-related protein and the mouse protein 24p3. Based on its typical lipocalin fold, which consists of an eight-stranded, anti-parallel, symmetrical β-barrel fold structure it was initially thought that LCN2 is a circulating protein functioning as a transporter of small lipophilic molecules. However, studies in Lcn2 null mice have shown that LCN2 has bacteriostatic properties and plays a key role in innate immunity by sequestering bacterial iron siderophores. Numerous reports have further shown that LCN2 is involved in the control of cell differentiation, energy expenditure, cell death, chemotaxis, cell migration, and many other biological processes. In addition, important roles for LCN2 in health and disease have been identified in Lcn2 null mice and multiple molecular pathways required for regulation of Lcn2 expression have been identified. Nevertheless, although six putative receptors for LCN2 have been proposed, there is a fundamental lack in understanding of how these cell-surface receptors transmit and amplify LCN2 to the cell. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge on LCN2 receptors and discuss inconsistencies, misinterpretations and false assumptions in the understanding of these potential LCN2 receptors. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10451079/ /pubmed/37638032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885 Text en Copyright © 2023 Schröder, Gasterich, Weiskirchen and Weiskirchen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Schröder, Sarah K.
Gasterich, Natalie
Weiskirchen, Sabine
Weiskirchen, Ralf
Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths
title Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths
title_full Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths
title_fullStr Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths
title_full_unstemmed Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths
title_short Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths
title_sort lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10451079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37638032
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885
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