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Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review

Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacteri...

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Autores principales: Nale, Janet Y., McEwan, Neil R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10451327/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627727
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081307
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author Nale, Janet Y.
McEwan, Neil R.
author_facet Nale, Janet Y.
McEwan, Neil R.
author_sort Nale, Janet Y.
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description Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacterial communities associated with the disease include representative species from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus. Conventional treatment relies on antibiotics, but antimicrobial resistance, declining antibiotic innovations and biofilm production negatively impact therapeutic efficacy. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which effectively target and lyse bacteria with extreme specificity and can be a valuable supplement or replacement to antibiotics for bovine mastitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the etiology of bovine mastitis, the advantages of phage therapy over chemical antibiotics for the strains and research work conducted in the area in various model systems to support phage deployment in the dairy industry. We emphasise work on phage isolation procedures from samples obtained from mastitic and non-mastitic sources, characterisation and efficacy testing of single and multiple phages as standalone treatments or adjuncts to probiotics in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo bovine mastitis infection models. Furthermore, we highlight the areas where improvements can be made with focus on phage cocktail optimisation, formulation, and genetic engineering to improve delivery, stability, efficacy, and safety in cattle. Phage therapy is becoming more attractive in clinical medicine and agriculture and thus, could mitigate the impending catastrophe of antimicrobial resistance in the dairy sector.
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spelling pubmed-104513272023-08-26 Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review Nale, Janet Y. McEwan, Neil R. Antibiotics (Basel) Review Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacterial communities associated with the disease include representative species from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus. Conventional treatment relies on antibiotics, but antimicrobial resistance, declining antibiotic innovations and biofilm production negatively impact therapeutic efficacy. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which effectively target and lyse bacteria with extreme specificity and can be a valuable supplement or replacement to antibiotics for bovine mastitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the etiology of bovine mastitis, the advantages of phage therapy over chemical antibiotics for the strains and research work conducted in the area in various model systems to support phage deployment in the dairy industry. We emphasise work on phage isolation procedures from samples obtained from mastitic and non-mastitic sources, characterisation and efficacy testing of single and multiple phages as standalone treatments or adjuncts to probiotics in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo bovine mastitis infection models. Furthermore, we highlight the areas where improvements can be made with focus on phage cocktail optimisation, formulation, and genetic engineering to improve delivery, stability, efficacy, and safety in cattle. Phage therapy is becoming more attractive in clinical medicine and agriculture and thus, could mitigate the impending catastrophe of antimicrobial resistance in the dairy sector. MDPI 2023-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10451327/ /pubmed/37627727 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081307 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nale, Janet Y.
McEwan, Neil R.
Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review
title Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review
title_full Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review
title_fullStr Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review
title_short Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review
title_sort bacteriophage therapy to control bovine mastitis: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10451327/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627727
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081307
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