Risk factors for osteoporosis among postmenopausal women in a Nigerian teaching hospital

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and density, leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of sustaining fractures. Several studies have shown that the risk for osteoporosis increases with age and after menopause. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken of 422 postmenopausal women at the Family Medicine Clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). Variables such as socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric indices, and lifestyle habits of participants were assessed. In addition, bone mineral density was measured using a validated portable dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. The results of the bone mineral density were analyzed based on T-scores. RESULTS: The mean age of the study subjects was 59.8± ±6.4 years, while the mean age at menopause was 50.15 ± 4.1 years. The majority of the subjects were obese (41.5%), while the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 15.1% and 30.6%, respectively. The use of oral steroids was associated with osteoporosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We recommend regular bone mineral density screening of postmenopausal women at the primary care level for early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis to prevent fragility fractures.