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Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the upper respiratory system and the lungs, it can also affect vasculature, leading to the impairment of endothelial and multi-organ function. SARS-CoV-2 can trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to disruption of tight juncti...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10451811/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37626992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12081106 |
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author | Shabani, Zahra Liu, Jialing Su, Hua |
author_facet | Shabani, Zahra Liu, Jialing Su, Hua |
author_sort | Shabani, Zahra |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the upper respiratory system and the lungs, it can also affect vasculature, leading to the impairment of endothelial and multi-organ function. SARS-CoV-2 can trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to disruption of tight junction proteins between endothelial cells and impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This process further allows the infiltration of immune cells and other particles into the brain, worsening brain injury. Prolonged neuro-inflammation and disruption of the BBB have been postulated as the potential primary causes of both acute and chronic cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. This review explores the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and consequent cognitive impairment in patients. ABSTRACT: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus and a member of the corona virus family, primarily affecting the upper respiratory system and the lungs. Like many other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 can spread to other organ systems. Apart from causing diarrhea, another very common but debilitating complication caused by SARS-CoV-2 is neurological symptoms and cognitive difficulties, which occur in up to two thirds of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and range from shortness of concentration and overall declined cognitive speed to executive or memory function impairment. Neuro-cognitive dysfunction and “brain fog” are frequently present in COVID-19 cases, which can last several months after the infection, leading to disruption of daily life. Cumulative evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 affects vasculature in the extra-pulmonary systems directly or indirectly, leading to impairment of endothelial function and even multi-organ damage. The post COVID-19 long-lasting neurocognitive impairments have not been studied fully and their underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and how vascular dysfunction leads to cognitive impairment in patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10451811 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104518112023-08-26 Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19 Shabani, Zahra Liu, Jialing Su, Hua Biology (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the upper respiratory system and the lungs, it can also affect vasculature, leading to the impairment of endothelial and multi-organ function. SARS-CoV-2 can trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to disruption of tight junction proteins between endothelial cells and impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This process further allows the infiltration of immune cells and other particles into the brain, worsening brain injury. Prolonged neuro-inflammation and disruption of the BBB have been postulated as the potential primary causes of both acute and chronic cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. This review explores the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and consequent cognitive impairment in patients. ABSTRACT: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus and a member of the corona virus family, primarily affecting the upper respiratory system and the lungs. Like many other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 can spread to other organ systems. Apart from causing diarrhea, another very common but debilitating complication caused by SARS-CoV-2 is neurological symptoms and cognitive difficulties, which occur in up to two thirds of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and range from shortness of concentration and overall declined cognitive speed to executive or memory function impairment. Neuro-cognitive dysfunction and “brain fog” are frequently present in COVID-19 cases, which can last several months after the infection, leading to disruption of daily life. Cumulative evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 affects vasculature in the extra-pulmonary systems directly or indirectly, leading to impairment of endothelial function and even multi-organ damage. The post COVID-19 long-lasting neurocognitive impairments have not been studied fully and their underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and how vascular dysfunction leads to cognitive impairment in patients. MDPI 2023-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10451811/ /pubmed/37626992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12081106 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Shabani, Zahra Liu, Jialing Su, Hua Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19 |
title | Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19 |
title_full | Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19 |
title_fullStr | Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19 |
title_short | Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19 |
title_sort | vascular dysfunctions contribute to the long-term cognitive deficits following covid-19 |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10451811/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37626992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12081106 |
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