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Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The rearing system is one of the significant non-genetic factors that influence growth performance and immune status in goose husbandry. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the effects of two major dryland systems on goose growth performance and immune status. The cu...

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Autores principales: Tang, Bincheng, Hu, Shenqiang, Zhang, Xin, Ouyang, Qingyuan, Qing, Enhua, Wang, Wanxia, Hu, Jiwei, Li, Liang, Wang, Jiwen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10451896/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627473
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162682
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author Tang, Bincheng
Hu, Shenqiang
Zhang, Xin
Ouyang, Qingyuan
Qing, Enhua
Wang, Wanxia
Hu, Jiwei
Li, Liang
Wang, Jiwen
author_facet Tang, Bincheng
Hu, Shenqiang
Zhang, Xin
Ouyang, Qingyuan
Qing, Enhua
Wang, Wanxia
Hu, Jiwei
Li, Liang
Wang, Jiwen
author_sort Tang, Bincheng
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The rearing system is one of the significant non-genetic factors that influence growth performance and immune status in goose husbandry. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the effects of two major dryland systems on goose growth performance and immune status. The current study revealed that the floor rearing system (FRS) improved growth performance, but the immune function of geese was promoted to some extent in the cage-rearing system (CRS). Moreover, we found the phenylalanine metabolism pathway could exert positive effects on the immune function of geese under CRS. These findings can provide a reliable reference for selecting a dryland rearing system in geese. ABSTRACT: Currently, FRS and CRS are the two predominant dryland rearing systems in the goose industry. However, the effects of these two systems on goose growth performance and health, as well as the underlying mechanisms, have not been fully clarified. Thus, this study aimed to compare growth performance and immune status, as well as investigate the genome-wide transcriptomic profiles of spleen in geese, between CRS and FRS at 270 d of age. Phenotypically, the body weight and body size traits were higher in geese under FRS, while the weight and organ index of spleen were higher in geese under CRS (p < 0.05). Noticeably, the bursa of Fabricius of geese under FRS was degenerated, while that under CRS was retained. At the serum level, the immune globulin-G (IgG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were higher in geese under CRS (p < 0.05). At the transcriptomic level, we identified 251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spleen between CRS and FRS, which were mainly enriched in scavenger receptor activity, inflammatory response, immune response, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, phenylalanine metabolism, ECM receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, through protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, ten candidate genes were identified, namely, VEGFA, FGF2, NGF, GPC1, NKX2-5, FGFR1, FGF1, MEIS1, CD36, and PAH. Further analysis demonstrated that geese in CRS could improve their immune ability through the “phenylalanine metabolism” pathway. Our results revealed that the FRS improved growth performance, whereas the CRS improved goose immune function by increasing levels of IL-6 and IgG in serum. Moreover, the phenylalanine metabolism pathway could exert positive effects on immune function of geese under CRS. These results can provide reliable references for understanding how floor and cage rearing systems affect goose growth performance and immune capacity.
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spelling pubmed-104518962023-08-26 Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status Tang, Bincheng Hu, Shenqiang Zhang, Xin Ouyang, Qingyuan Qing, Enhua Wang, Wanxia Hu, Jiwei Li, Liang Wang, Jiwen Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The rearing system is one of the significant non-genetic factors that influence growth performance and immune status in goose husbandry. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the effects of two major dryland systems on goose growth performance and immune status. The current study revealed that the floor rearing system (FRS) improved growth performance, but the immune function of geese was promoted to some extent in the cage-rearing system (CRS). Moreover, we found the phenylalanine metabolism pathway could exert positive effects on the immune function of geese under CRS. These findings can provide a reliable reference for selecting a dryland rearing system in geese. ABSTRACT: Currently, FRS and CRS are the two predominant dryland rearing systems in the goose industry. However, the effects of these two systems on goose growth performance and health, as well as the underlying mechanisms, have not been fully clarified. Thus, this study aimed to compare growth performance and immune status, as well as investigate the genome-wide transcriptomic profiles of spleen in geese, between CRS and FRS at 270 d of age. Phenotypically, the body weight and body size traits were higher in geese under FRS, while the weight and organ index of spleen were higher in geese under CRS (p < 0.05). Noticeably, the bursa of Fabricius of geese under FRS was degenerated, while that under CRS was retained. At the serum level, the immune globulin-G (IgG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were higher in geese under CRS (p < 0.05). At the transcriptomic level, we identified 251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spleen between CRS and FRS, which were mainly enriched in scavenger receptor activity, inflammatory response, immune response, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, phenylalanine metabolism, ECM receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, through protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, ten candidate genes were identified, namely, VEGFA, FGF2, NGF, GPC1, NKX2-5, FGFR1, FGF1, MEIS1, CD36, and PAH. Further analysis demonstrated that geese in CRS could improve their immune ability through the “phenylalanine metabolism” pathway. Our results revealed that the FRS improved growth performance, whereas the CRS improved goose immune function by increasing levels of IL-6 and IgG in serum. Moreover, the phenylalanine metabolism pathway could exert positive effects on immune function of geese under CRS. These results can provide reliable references for understanding how floor and cage rearing systems affect goose growth performance and immune capacity. MDPI 2023-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10451896/ /pubmed/37627473 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162682 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tang, Bincheng
Hu, Shenqiang
Zhang, Xin
Ouyang, Qingyuan
Qing, Enhua
Wang, Wanxia
Hu, Jiwei
Li, Liang
Wang, Jiwen
Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status
title Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status
title_full Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status
title_fullStr Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status
title_full_unstemmed Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status
title_short Effects and Mechanisms of Cage versus Floor Rearing System on Goose Growth Performance and Immune Status
title_sort effects and mechanisms of cage versus floor rearing system on goose growth performance and immune status
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10451896/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627473
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162682
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