Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, Surveillance, and Management

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Although the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related cancer has been decreasing, its prognosis remains worse than that of non-IBD-related cancers, owing to its multiple risk factors. This review explores the risk factors, epidemiology, surveillance strategies, and treatment recommendations for IBD-related cancers, as well as potential future research directions. ABSTRACT: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Although advancements in endoscopic imaging techniques, integrated surveillance programs, and improved medical therapies have contributed to a decreased incidence of CRC in patients with IBD, the rate of CRC remains higher in patients with IBD than in individuals without chronic colitis. Patients with IBD-related CRCs exhibit a poorer prognosis than those with sporadic CRCs, owing to their aggressive histological characteristics and lower curative resection rate. In this review, we present an updated overview of the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, surveillance strategies, treatment recommendations, and prognosis of IBD-related CRCs.