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Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are ubiquitously expressed in the human body. They protect the brain and central nervous system from self and foreign antigens/pathogens. The immune response elicited by these receptors culminates in the release of...

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Autores principales: Patlola, Saahithh Redddi, Donohoe, Gary, McKernan, Declan P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10452856/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627253
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13081188
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author Patlola, Saahithh Redddi
Donohoe, Gary
McKernan, Declan P.
author_facet Patlola, Saahithh Redddi
Donohoe, Gary
McKernan, Declan P.
author_sort Patlola, Saahithh Redddi
collection PubMed
description Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are ubiquitously expressed in the human body. They protect the brain and central nervous system from self and foreign antigens/pathogens. The immune response elicited by these receptors culminates in the release of cytokines, chemokines, and interferons causing an inflammatory response, which can be both beneficial and harmful to neurodevelopment. In addition, the detrimental effects of TLR activation have been implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, etc. Many studies also support the theory that cytokine imbalance may be involved in schizophrenia, and a vast amount of literature showcases the deleterious effects of this imbalance on cognitive performance in the human population. In this review, we examine the current literature on TLRs, their potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, factors affecting TLR activity that contribute towards the risk of schizophrenia, and lastly, the role of TLRs and their impact on cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
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spelling pubmed-104528562023-08-26 Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors Patlola, Saahithh Redddi Donohoe, Gary McKernan, Declan P. Biomolecules Review Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are ubiquitously expressed in the human body. They protect the brain and central nervous system from self and foreign antigens/pathogens. The immune response elicited by these receptors culminates in the release of cytokines, chemokines, and interferons causing an inflammatory response, which can be both beneficial and harmful to neurodevelopment. In addition, the detrimental effects of TLR activation have been implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, etc. Many studies also support the theory that cytokine imbalance may be involved in schizophrenia, and a vast amount of literature showcases the deleterious effects of this imbalance on cognitive performance in the human population. In this review, we examine the current literature on TLRs, their potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, factors affecting TLR activity that contribute towards the risk of schizophrenia, and lastly, the role of TLRs and their impact on cognitive performance in schizophrenia. MDPI 2023-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10452856/ /pubmed/37627253 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13081188 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Patlola, Saahithh Redddi
Donohoe, Gary
McKernan, Declan P.
Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors
title Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors
title_full Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors
title_fullStr Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors
title_full_unstemmed Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors
title_short Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors
title_sort counting the toll of inflammation on schizophrenia—a potential role for toll-like receptors
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10452856/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627253
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13081188
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