Clinical Significance of Non-Coding RNA Regulation of Programmed Cell Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a prevalent and aggressive liver tumor. Non-coding RNAs that do not participate in protein synthesis but regulate gene expression have been found to influence programmed cell death. Understanding the clinical significance of non-coding RNA regulation of programmed cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma, such as patient diagnosis and prognosis, drug resistance, and drug side effects, can provide valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a widely prevalent and malignantly progressive tumor. Most patients are typically diagnosed with HCC at an advanced stage, posing significant challenges in the execution of curative surgical interventions. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a distinct category of RNA molecules not directly involved in protein synthesis. However, they possess the remarkable ability to regulate gene expression, thereby exerting significant regulatory control over cellular processes. Notably, ncRNAs have been implicated in the modulation of programmed cell death (PCD), a crucial mechanism that various therapeutic agents target in the fight against HCC. This review summarizes the clinical significance of ncRNA regulation of PCD in HCC, including patient diagnosis, prognosis, drug resistance, and side effects. The aim of this study is to provide new insights and directions for the diagnosis and drug treatment strategies of HCC.