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“Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period
Background: Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare autoimmune disorder occurring after a latency period following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The therapeutic regime of MIS-C is adapted to the therapy of the Kawasaki disease, as clinical symptoms are similar. Since the Kawa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10453116/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37628362 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10081363 |
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author | Hébert, Steven Schmidt, Marius Topf, Georg Rieger, Daniel Klinge, Jens Vermehren, Jan Fusch, Christoph Grillhösl, Christian Schroth, Michael Toni, Irmgard Reutter, Heiko Morhart, Patrick Hanslik, Gregor Mulzer, Linda Woelfle, Joachim Hohberger, Bettina Hoerning, André |
author_facet | Hébert, Steven Schmidt, Marius Topf, Georg Rieger, Daniel Klinge, Jens Vermehren, Jan Fusch, Christoph Grillhösl, Christian Schroth, Michael Toni, Irmgard Reutter, Heiko Morhart, Patrick Hanslik, Gregor Mulzer, Linda Woelfle, Joachim Hohberger, Bettina Hoerning, André |
author_sort | Hébert, Steven |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare autoimmune disorder occurring after a latency period following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The therapeutic regime of MIS-C is adapted to the therapy of the Kawasaki disease, as clinical symptoms are similar. Since the Kawasaki disease can potentially result in severe symptoms, which may even affect long-term health, it is essential to gain further knowledge about MIS-C. Thus, we aimed to investigate the incidence, symptoms, therapeutical procedure and outcome of MIS-C patients in the metropolitan area of Nuremberg-Erlangen during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical charts of MIS-C patients was carried out at three children’s hospitals covering the medical care of the metropolitan area of Nuremberg-Erlangen in Germany. Demographic characteristics and symptoms at first visit, their clinical course, therapeutic regime and outcome were recorded within the time period January 2021–December 2022. Results: Analysis of 10 patients (5 male, 5 female) with MIS-C resulting in an incidence of 2.14/100.000 children. The median time between COVID-19 infection and admission to hospital was 5 weeks. The median age was 7 years. Symptoms comprised fever (100%), rash (70%), bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis (70%) and urticaria (20%). At the time of presentation, diagnosis-defining inflammation parameters were increased and the range for C-reactive protein was 4.13 mg/dL to 28 mg/dL, with a median of 24.7 mg/dL. Procalcitonin was initially determined in six patients (1.92 ng/mL to 21.5 ng/mL) with a median value of 5.5 pg/mL. Two patients displayed leukocytosis and two displayed leukopenia. None of the patients presented coronary pathologies. Nine of the ten patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. In addition, patients received intravenous steroids (80%) and acetylsalicylic acid (80%). Conclusion: SARS-CoV virus may rarely exert multiorgan manifestations due to hyperinflammatory immunological processes. Within two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we identified ten patients with COVID-induced MIS-C in the metropolitan area Nuremberg-Erlangen. In the description of the patient collective, we can confirm that MIS-C is distinguished from the Kawasaki disease by the lack of coronary manifestations. Interestingly, although having monitored all pediatric facilities in the investigated area, we find lower incidences of MIS-C compared to findings in the literature. In conclusion, an overestimation of incidences in the upcoming MIS-C during the pandemic needs to be considered. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10453116 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104531162023-08-26 “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period Hébert, Steven Schmidt, Marius Topf, Georg Rieger, Daniel Klinge, Jens Vermehren, Jan Fusch, Christoph Grillhösl, Christian Schroth, Michael Toni, Irmgard Reutter, Heiko Morhart, Patrick Hanslik, Gregor Mulzer, Linda Woelfle, Joachim Hohberger, Bettina Hoerning, André Children (Basel) Article Background: Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare autoimmune disorder occurring after a latency period following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The therapeutic regime of MIS-C is adapted to the therapy of the Kawasaki disease, as clinical symptoms are similar. Since the Kawasaki disease can potentially result in severe symptoms, which may even affect long-term health, it is essential to gain further knowledge about MIS-C. Thus, we aimed to investigate the incidence, symptoms, therapeutical procedure and outcome of MIS-C patients in the metropolitan area of Nuremberg-Erlangen during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical charts of MIS-C patients was carried out at three children’s hospitals covering the medical care of the metropolitan area of Nuremberg-Erlangen in Germany. Demographic characteristics and symptoms at first visit, their clinical course, therapeutic regime and outcome were recorded within the time period January 2021–December 2022. Results: Analysis of 10 patients (5 male, 5 female) with MIS-C resulting in an incidence of 2.14/100.000 children. The median time between COVID-19 infection and admission to hospital was 5 weeks. The median age was 7 years. Symptoms comprised fever (100%), rash (70%), bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis (70%) and urticaria (20%). At the time of presentation, diagnosis-defining inflammation parameters were increased and the range for C-reactive protein was 4.13 mg/dL to 28 mg/dL, with a median of 24.7 mg/dL. Procalcitonin was initially determined in six patients (1.92 ng/mL to 21.5 ng/mL) with a median value of 5.5 pg/mL. Two patients displayed leukocytosis and two displayed leukopenia. None of the patients presented coronary pathologies. Nine of the ten patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. In addition, patients received intravenous steroids (80%) and acetylsalicylic acid (80%). Conclusion: SARS-CoV virus may rarely exert multiorgan manifestations due to hyperinflammatory immunological processes. Within two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we identified ten patients with COVID-induced MIS-C in the metropolitan area Nuremberg-Erlangen. In the description of the patient collective, we can confirm that MIS-C is distinguished from the Kawasaki disease by the lack of coronary manifestations. Interestingly, although having monitored all pediatric facilities in the investigated area, we find lower incidences of MIS-C compared to findings in the literature. In conclusion, an overestimation of incidences in the upcoming MIS-C during the pandemic needs to be considered. MDPI 2023-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10453116/ /pubmed/37628362 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10081363 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hébert, Steven Schmidt, Marius Topf, Georg Rieger, Daniel Klinge, Jens Vermehren, Jan Fusch, Christoph Grillhösl, Christian Schroth, Michael Toni, Irmgard Reutter, Heiko Morhart, Patrick Hanslik, Gregor Mulzer, Linda Woelfle, Joachim Hohberger, Bettina Hoerning, André “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period |
title | “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period |
title_full | “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period |
title_fullStr | “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period |
title_full_unstemmed | “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period |
title_short | “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period |
title_sort | “multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children” (mis-c) after covid-19 infection in the metropolitan area of nuremberg-erlangen, germany—expectations and results of a two-year period |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10453116/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37628362 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10081363 |
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