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The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children
Purpose: this research compared the dissociated phoria at near and distance fixation in free space using the Howell test, alternate Cover test, and Thorington test. Methods: 220 healthy Mexican children (mean age [Formula: see text] years) participated in this study. Phorias were quantified at both...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10453251/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37623269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040088 |
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author | Ibrahimi, Danjela Aviles, Marcos Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Juvenal |
author_facet | Ibrahimi, Danjela Aviles, Marcos Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Juvenal |
author_sort | Ibrahimi, Danjela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Purpose: this research compared the dissociated phoria at near and distance fixation in free space using the Howell test, alternate Cover test, and Thorington test. Methods: 220 healthy Mexican children (mean age [Formula: see text] years) participated in this study. Phorias were quantified at both distances using each test, from the least to the most disruptive. The stereopsis degree and near point of convergence (break/recovery) were analyzed to understand their role in the visual system’s sensorimotor balance. Results: statistically significant differences were found among techniques, with a higher congruence for the EF. However, only the Howell and Thorington tests can be interchanged. The break value and near exophoria relate to each other and affect the stereopsis degree, whereas age is associated with the stereopsis degree and break value. Conclusions: the three techniques cannot be interchanged except for the Howell and Thorington test for the EF at far. The differences in the mode of dissociation could relate to the results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10453251 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104532512023-08-26 The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children Ibrahimi, Danjela Aviles, Marcos Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Juvenal Clin Pract Article Purpose: this research compared the dissociated phoria at near and distance fixation in free space using the Howell test, alternate Cover test, and Thorington test. Methods: 220 healthy Mexican children (mean age [Formula: see text] years) participated in this study. Phorias were quantified at both distances using each test, from the least to the most disruptive. The stereopsis degree and near point of convergence (break/recovery) were analyzed to understand their role in the visual system’s sensorimotor balance. Results: statistically significant differences were found among techniques, with a higher congruence for the EF. However, only the Howell and Thorington tests can be interchanged. The break value and near exophoria relate to each other and affect the stereopsis degree, whereas age is associated with the stereopsis degree and break value. Conclusions: the three techniques cannot be interchanged except for the Howell and Thorington test for the EF at far. The differences in the mode of dissociation could relate to the results. MDPI 2023-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10453251/ /pubmed/37623269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040088 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ibrahimi, Danjela Aviles, Marcos Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Juvenal The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children |
title | The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children |
title_full | The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children |
title_fullStr | The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children |
title_short | The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children |
title_sort | impact of the test dissociation on the binocular balance of children |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10453251/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37623269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040088 |
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