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Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning

The goal of this study was to create a novel machine learning (ML) model that can predict the magnitude and direction of pubertal mandibular growth in males with Class II malocclusion. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 123 males at three time points (T1: 12; T2: 14; T3: 16 years old) were collect...

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Autores principales: Zakhar, Grant, Hazime, Samir, Eckert, George, Wong, Ariel, Badirli, Sarkhan, Turkkahraman, Hakan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10453460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627972
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162713
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author Zakhar, Grant
Hazime, Samir
Eckert, George
Wong, Ariel
Badirli, Sarkhan
Turkkahraman, Hakan
author_facet Zakhar, Grant
Hazime, Samir
Eckert, George
Wong, Ariel
Badirli, Sarkhan
Turkkahraman, Hakan
author_sort Zakhar, Grant
collection PubMed
description The goal of this study was to create a novel machine learning (ML) model that can predict the magnitude and direction of pubertal mandibular growth in males with Class II malocclusion. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 123 males at three time points (T1: 12; T2: 14; T3: 16 years old) were collected from an online database of longitudinal growth studies. Each radiograph was traced, and seven different ML models were trained using 38 data points obtained from 92 subjects. Thirty-one subjects were used as the test group to predict the post-pubertal mandibular length and y-axis, using input data from T1 and T2 combined (2 year prediction), and T1 alone (4 year prediction). Mean absolute errors (MAEs) were used to evaluate the accuracy of each model. For all ML methods tested using the 2 year prediction, the MAEs for post-pubertal mandibular length ranged from 2.11–6.07 mm to 0.85–2.74° for the y-axis. For all ML methods tested with 4 year prediction, the MAEs for post-pubertal mandibular length ranged from 2.32–5.28 mm to 1.25–1.72° for the y-axis. Besides its initial length, the most predictive factors for mandibular length were found to be chronological age, upper and lower face heights, upper and lower incisor positions, and inclinations. For the y-axis, the most predictive factors were found to be y-axis at earlier time points, SN-MP, SN-Pog, SNB, and SNA. Although the potential of ML techniques to accurately forecast future mandibular growth in Class II cases is promising, a requirement for more substantial sample sizes exists to further enhance the precision of these predictions.
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spelling pubmed-104534602023-08-26 Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning Zakhar, Grant Hazime, Samir Eckert, George Wong, Ariel Badirli, Sarkhan Turkkahraman, Hakan Diagnostics (Basel) Article The goal of this study was to create a novel machine learning (ML) model that can predict the magnitude and direction of pubertal mandibular growth in males with Class II malocclusion. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 123 males at three time points (T1: 12; T2: 14; T3: 16 years old) were collected from an online database of longitudinal growth studies. Each radiograph was traced, and seven different ML models were trained using 38 data points obtained from 92 subjects. Thirty-one subjects were used as the test group to predict the post-pubertal mandibular length and y-axis, using input data from T1 and T2 combined (2 year prediction), and T1 alone (4 year prediction). Mean absolute errors (MAEs) were used to evaluate the accuracy of each model. For all ML methods tested using the 2 year prediction, the MAEs for post-pubertal mandibular length ranged from 2.11–6.07 mm to 0.85–2.74° for the y-axis. For all ML methods tested with 4 year prediction, the MAEs for post-pubertal mandibular length ranged from 2.32–5.28 mm to 1.25–1.72° for the y-axis. Besides its initial length, the most predictive factors for mandibular length were found to be chronological age, upper and lower face heights, upper and lower incisor positions, and inclinations. For the y-axis, the most predictive factors were found to be y-axis at earlier time points, SN-MP, SN-Pog, SNB, and SNA. Although the potential of ML techniques to accurately forecast future mandibular growth in Class II cases is promising, a requirement for more substantial sample sizes exists to further enhance the precision of these predictions. MDPI 2023-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10453460/ /pubmed/37627972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162713 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zakhar, Grant
Hazime, Samir
Eckert, George
Wong, Ariel
Badirli, Sarkhan
Turkkahraman, Hakan
Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning
title Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning
title_full Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning
title_fullStr Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning
title_full_unstemmed Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning
title_short Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning
title_sort prediction of pubertal mandibular growth in males with class ii malocclusion by utilizing machine learning
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10453460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627972
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162713
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