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Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models

The blood–brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and astrocytes, the blood–brain barrier forms the neurovascular...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Brandl, Sarah, Reindl, Markus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10454051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37628879
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612699
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author Brandl, Sarah
Reindl, Markus
author_facet Brandl, Sarah
Reindl, Markus
author_sort Brandl, Sarah
collection PubMed
description The blood–brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and astrocytes, the blood–brain barrier forms the neurovascular unit. Upon neuroinflammation, this barrier becomes leaky, allowing molecules and cells to enter the brain and to potentially harm the tissue of the central nervous system. Despite the significance of animal models in research, they may not always adequately reflect human pathophysiology. Therefore, human models are needed. This review will provide an overview of the blood–brain barrier in terms of both health and disease. It will describe all key elements of the in vitro models and will explore how different compositions can be utilized to effectively model a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it will explore the existing types of models that are used in basic research to study the respective pathologies thus far.
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spelling pubmed-104540512023-08-26 Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models Brandl, Sarah Reindl, Markus Int J Mol Sci Review The blood–brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and astrocytes, the blood–brain barrier forms the neurovascular unit. Upon neuroinflammation, this barrier becomes leaky, allowing molecules and cells to enter the brain and to potentially harm the tissue of the central nervous system. Despite the significance of animal models in research, they may not always adequately reflect human pathophysiology. Therefore, human models are needed. This review will provide an overview of the blood–brain barrier in terms of both health and disease. It will describe all key elements of the in vitro models and will explore how different compositions can be utilized to effectively model a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it will explore the existing types of models that are used in basic research to study the respective pathologies thus far. MDPI 2023-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10454051/ /pubmed/37628879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612699 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Brandl, Sarah
Reindl, Markus
Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models
title Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models
title_full Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models
title_fullStr Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models
title_full_unstemmed Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models
title_short Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models
title_sort blood–brain barrier breakdown in neuroinflammation: current in vitro models
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10454051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37628879
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612699
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